ASTM D1283-85(1995)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Alkali-Soluability of Wools
Standard Test Method for Alkali-Soluability of Wools
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a chemical procedure for determination of the amount of wool substance soluble in alkali under standard conditions and is applicable to wool in scoured fiber form, or as fiber obtained from yarn or from woven or nonwoven fabric.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.
Note 1--This test method is applicable to other animal fibers although the level of alkali-solubility may be different from wool. With individual animal fibers, undamaged solubility should be determined before attempting to assess damage on an unknown sample.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 1283 – 85 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Test Method for
Alkali-Soluability of Wools
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout June 1995.
1. Scope 3.1.2 wool, n—the fibrous covering of the sheep, Ovis
species.
1.1 This test method covers a chemical procedure for
3.1.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
determination of the amount of wool substance soluble in alkali
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
under standard conditions and is applicable to wool in scoured
fiber form, or as fiber obtained from yarn or from woven or
4. Summary of Test Method
nonwoven fabric.
4.1 Specimens are maintained at a stipulated constant tem-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound are to be regarded as
perature in a caustic solution for a specified period of time. The
standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for
percentage of alkali-solubility is calculated from the loss in
information only.
mass of the specimen.
NOTE 1—This test method is applicable to other animal fibers although
the level of alkali-solubility may be different from wool. With individual
5. Significance and Use
animal fibers, undamaged solubility should be determined before attempt-
5.1 Alkali-solubility is an indication of the degree of dam-
ing to assess damage on an unknown sample.
age to wool resulting from certain chemical treatments, par-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ticularly when test results on the same wool, before such
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
treatment, are available.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.1 Undamaged scoured wool has typical alkali-solubility
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in the range of 9 to 15 %. Fine, undamaged wool normally will
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
exhibit higher solubility than coarse wool, because of greater
surface area per unit mass of fiber.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 This test method is not recommended for use on wool
2.1 ASTM Standards:
known to have sustained alkali damage.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.2.1 Alkali-damaged wool has had material solubilized that
D 1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Pack-
ordinarily would be included in the alkali-solubility test results.
ages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber
5.3 Although results in one laboratory cannot usually be
Present
verified in another laboratory, this test method is considered
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
satisfactory for acceptance testing because it has been used
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
extensively in the trade for this purpose and because it is the
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
only available method for assessing damage to wool by an
poses
alkali solubility procedure. Comparative tests as directed in
5.3.1 are advisable before Test Method D 1283 is used for
3. Terminology
acceptance testing.
3.1 Definitions:
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
3.1.1 alkali-solubility, n—in wool, the percent of clean wool
reported test results when using Test Method D 1283 for
that is soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
conditions of temperature and time.
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt. bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
Current edition approved July 26, 1985. Published September 1985. Originally
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
published as D 1283 – 53 T. Last previous edition D 1283 – 84.
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
to each laboratory for testing. The average result from the two
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1283
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the an applicable material specification or other agreement be-
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its tween the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to
cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the use Practice D 1060. Consider shipping containers to be the
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of primary sampling units.
the known bias.
NOTE 2—A realistic specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
6. Apparatus
between shipping containers, between laboratory samples within a ship-
6.1 Test Tubes—Glass test tubes 1.5 in. (38 mm) by 7.9 in.
ping container, and between specimens within a laboratory sample so as to
(200 mm) with cork stoppers.
provide a sampling plan which at the specified level of the property of
interest has a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath—A bath equipped to main-
quality level, and limiting quality level.
tain a temperature of 65 6 0.5° C throughout.
6.3 Thermometer—ASTM Aniline Point Thermometer,
8.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
having a range from 25 to 105° C and conforming to the
tance testing, take the number of subsamples from each
requirements for Thermometer 34C as prescribed in Specifi-
package in the lot sample as directed in an applicable material
cation E 1.
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the
6.4 Weighing Bottles—Glass bottles of approximately 30 to
supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice D 1060 if baled
35-mL capacity, fitted with ground glass covers.
or bagged wool is to be tested.
6.5 Constant-Temperature Drying Oven, to be maintained at
8.3 Test Specimens—As directed in Section 9, determine the
105 to 110° C, preferably employing a forced draft.
number of specimens to be tested from each subsample in the
6.6 Sieves —No. 100 (150-μm) approximately 1.75 in. (45 laboratory sample.
mm) in diameter and 1.75 in. (45 mm) high.
9. Number of Specimens per Subsample
6.7 Hand Cards.
6.8 Analytical Balance—The balance must be capable of
9.1 Control or Non-Critical Testing—For routine control
weighing to 0.001 g.
testing or other non-critical purpose where acceptance testing
is not involved, four specimens, randomly chosen from a lot,
7. Reagents and Materials
may be tested as directed in Sections 10 and 11.
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
9.2 Acceptance Testing:
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
9.2.1 Take a number of specimens per subsample in the
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
laboratory sample, such that the user may expect at the 95 %
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society.
probability level that the test result for a subsample in the
Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that
laboratory sample is not more than 2.0 % above or below the
the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use
true average of the subsample in the laboratory sample (see
without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
Table 1). Determine the number of specimens per subsample in
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
the laboratory sample as follows:
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
9.2.1.1 Reliable Estimate of v—When there is a reliable
to Specification D 1193.
estimate of v based upon extensive past records for similar
7.3 1,1,2 Trichloro-1,2,2 Trifluoroethane
materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in the
7.4 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 120)—Mix 1 volume of concen-
method, calculate the required number of specimens per
trated hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) with 120 volumes of
subsample in the laboratory sample using Eq 1:
water.
n 5 ~tv/A! (1)
7.5 Sodium Bicarbonate Solution (2.5 g/L)—Dissolve 2.5 g
of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ) in water and dilute to 1 L.
where:
7.6 Sodium Hydroxide, Standard Solution (0.100 N)—
n 5 number of specimens per subsample in the laboratory
Prepare and standardize a 0.100 N solution of sodium hydrox-
sample (rounded upward to a whole number),
ide (NaOH) in carbon dioxide-free water, kept free from access
v 5 reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of
by CO from the air, and dilute to 1 L.
2 individual observations on similar materials in the
7.7 Working Reference Wool Samples—Samples of undam-
user’s laboratory under conditions of single-operator
aged scoured wool of known alkali-solubility.
precision,
t 5 the value of Student’s t for two-sided limits, a 95 %
8. Sampling
probability level, and the degrees of freedom associ-
8.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
ated with the estimate of v, and
A 5 2.0 % of the average, the value of the allowable
6 variation.
Detailed requirements for these sieves are given in Specification E
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