ASTM F1413/F1413M-18(2022)

Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems

ABSTRACT
This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems, it covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles for use on boats or ships and helicopters or airplane. The equipment description, equipment minimum performance specification, and equipment design are presented in details. Materials on ship or boat systems should be corrosion-resistant to salt water. All materials that come into contact with dispersants should be compatible with that dispersant.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.  
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.  
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships, boats, helicopters, or airplanes.  
1.4 This guide is one of several related to dispersant application systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, one on calibration, one on deposition measurements, and one on the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recommended.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2022
• ICS: 21.260 - Lubrication systems
• Technical Committee: F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
• Drafting Committee: F20.13 - Treatment

Relations

• Refers: ASTM F1738-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Deposition of Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM F1460-07(2013) - Standard Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM F1738-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Deposition of Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Refers: ASTM F1738-96(2007) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Deposition of Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Refers: ASTM F1460-07 - Standard Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Refers: ASTM F1738-96(1999) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Deposition of Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Refers: ASTM F1460-93(1999) - Standard Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Overview

ASTM F1413/F1413M-18(2022) provides a comprehensive guide for the design, performance, and material requirements of oil spill dispersant application equipment, focusing on spray systems equipped with booms and nozzles. This standard, developed by ASTM International, covers systems designed for deployment on ships, boats, helicopters, and airplanes. It outlines the essential features, performance criteria, and materials to be used to ensure effective, safe, and reliable dispersant application in marine and aerial oil spill response operations.

Key Topics

• System Design Criteria
  The guide specifies the fundamental design aspects for dispersant application systems, such as the use of corrosion-resistant and dispersant-compatible materials, and the necessity for equipment reliability and operational safety.

• Boom and Nozzle Systems
  Emphasis is placed on spray systems that use booms and nozzles to ensure uniform and effective dispersant coverage. Such systems must be capable of maintaining specified droplet sizes and consistent dosage across the application swath.

• Equipment Configurations
  The standard allows flexibility in system configurations, addressing both fixed and portable setups suitable for different vessel types and aircraft. Helicopter and airplane systems, including bucket and directly mounted assemblies, are also covered.

• Performance Requirements
  Application systems must deliver precise droplet size distributions and dosages, with strict control over volume median diameter (VMD) and delivery variance to optimize dispersant effectiveness while minimizing environmental impact.

• Material and Environmental Considerations
  All exposed materials must resist saltwater corrosion and be compatible with dispersants. Systems should be capable of functioning in a wide range of environmental conditions, including extreme temperatures.

• Documentation and Information for Users
  Manufacturers are required to furnish users with comprehensive performance data, dosage charts, maintenance information, and operator manuals to ensure proper system operation and maintenance.

Applications

• Oil Spill Response Operations
  This standard is crucial for organizations involved in marine and aerial oil spill response, helping them choose, design, and operate effective dispersant application systems.

• Equipment Manufacturers and Suppliers
  The guide assists manufacturers in developing spray application equipment that meets industry benchmarks for safety, effectiveness, and reliability, providing clear design and testing requirements.

• Regulatory Compliance
  Compliance with ASTM F1413/F1413M can aid in meeting local, national, and international regulations concerning oil spill treatment, particularly those governing the operation and approval of dispersant deployment equipment.

• Operational Planning and Training
  Emergency response teams benefit from standardized procedures and data, helping ensure safe, uniform, and efficient dispersant application whether operating from vessels, helicopters, or fixed-wing aircraft.

Related Standards

• ASTM F1460 - Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems: details calibration processes for ensuring accurate dispersant delivery.
• ASTM F1738 - Test Method for Determination of Deposition of Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants: provides performance measurement and verification methods.
• Additional ASTM guides address system calibration, deposition measurement, and the operational use of boom and nozzle dispersant application systems.
• Internationally, this standard aligns with principles on standardization established by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

---

By adhering to ASTM F1413/F1413M-18(2022), stakeholders ensure that oil spill dispersant spray systems perform optimally, enhancing environmental protection and operational efficiency in oil spill mitigation efforts. Relevant keywords include oil spill dispersant application, boom and nozzle systems, dispersant spray equipment, and marine oil spill response.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1413/F1413M − 18 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and
Nozzle Systems
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1413/F1413M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1738Test Method for Determination of Deposition of
Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
1.1 Thisguidecoversdesigncriteria,requirements,material
characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant
3. Significance and Use
applicationsystems.Thisguideisnotintendedtoberestrictive
to a specific configuration.
3.1 This guide will enable design of oil spill dispersant
application equipment using boom and nozzle systems and
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and
ensureadesireddosageanduniformityacrosstheswathwidth.
nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire
monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.
3.2 This guide provides information for designing and
specifying dispersant spray application equipment to obtain
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships, boats,
optimal application rates. These include specifications for
helicopters, or airplanes.
minimum equipment performance, equations for estimating
1.4 This guide is one of several related to dispersant
operational parameters, material considerations, and a list of
application systems using booms and nozzles. One is on
information to be provided to the equipment purchaser.
design, one on calibration, one on deposition measurements,
and one on the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four
4. Equipment Description
guides is recommended.
4.1 General—Oil spill dispersant spray systems include one
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or more booms with nozzles to form droplets, a pumping or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pressure system to deliver dispersants to the boom, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
associated piping and valving. All systems shall include a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dispersant flow meter and a pressure gauge. All systems shall
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
be equipped with provision for cleaning and drainage.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Ship/Boat—Nozzles should be selected with the assis-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tance of the nozzle manufacturer. Each boom holding nozzles
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
shall be designed to be mounted near the bow of the vessel so
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
thatthesprayisuniformlydepositedontheslicksurface.Spray
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
units can be portable or fixed. Flow correction or straightener
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
devices, to ensure laminar flow, shall precede the nozzles.
2. Referenced Documents System components should be designed to give a uniform
2 droplet spray as described in this guide. The spray pattern
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shouldbeflatandstrikethewaterinalineperpendiculartothe
F1460Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill DispersantApplica-
vessel’s line of travel. The nozzle spray angle should be such
tion Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
that spray from adjacent nozzles overlap just above the water.
4.3 Airplanes—Mounting of spray booms on aircraft is
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
subject to federal regulation. Each installation or modification
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
requires approval. Nozzles may not be necessary on aircraft
F20.13 on Treatment.
flying at speeds greater than 220 km/h (120 knots or 135 mph)
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
because the wind shear alone can produce the required droplet
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1413–18. DOI:
10.1520/F1413_F1413M-18R22.
sizes. Pressure-activated check valves must be used to elimi-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
natedrainageduringnonsprayingtransits.Inordertominimize
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
the effects of wind shear, nozzles should be oriented aft (180°
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. from the direction of flight).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1413/F1413M − 18 (2022)
4.4 Helicopters—Systems may consist of spray booms with 6.2 Droplet Size—Shear is the controlling factor in deter-
nozzles and pump/tank assemblies directly attached to the mining droplet size. High shear rates result in small droplet
helicopter or a bucket system slung below the helicopter. The sizes. For dispersant application, a small droplet size is not
bucket system consists of a tank and pump assembly to which desirable, because the dispersant can drift away from the oil
spray booms with nozzles are attached. The assembly is slicks. Large droplet sizes are also undesirable because large
supported from the helicopter by a cable system and is droplets can penetrate the oil slick. Experience has shown that
remotelycontrolledfromthehelicoptercabin.Anindicationof a droplet size between 300 µm to 700 µm VMD is most
dispersant flow is required in the helicopter cockpit. The effective. Shear has two components, nozzle shear rate and air
bucket must be stabilized against rotation, yaw, and sway. shear. Air shear is only important for aircraft flying at speeds
greater than 150 km/h (80 knots or 100 mph).
6.2.1 Nozzle Shear Rate—In order to achieve the desired
5. Minimum Equipment Performance Specifications
droplet size, nozzle shear rate should not exceed 10000
5.1 Target Dosage—Oil spill dispersant spray equipment
−1
reciprocal seconds (s ) for aircraft systems and 2000 recipro-
shall provide a dispersant dosage of between 20Lto 100 Lper
cal seconds for ship or boat systems. Nozzle shear can be
hectare (2U.S. gal per acre to 10 U.S. gal per acre).
calculated using the following Eqs:
5.2 Droplet Size Distribution—The droplet size distribution
SR 5 16.7·FN/d (3)
of the dispersant reaching the target shall have a Volume
Median Diameter (VMD) of 300 µm to 500 µm. The volume where:
−1
median diameter is a means o
...