ASTM D7797-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The present and growing international governmental requirements to add fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to diesel fuel has had the unintended side-effect of leading to potential FAME contamination of jet turbine fuel in multifuel transport facilities such as cargo tankers and pipelines, and industry wide concerns.
5.2 Analytical methods have been developed with the capability of measuring down to
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method using flow analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FA-FTIR) spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS-1) processing for the determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of aviation turbine fuel (AVTUR), in the range of 10 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg.
Note 1: Specifications falling within the scope of this test method are: Specification D1655 and Defence Standard 91-91.
Note 2: This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm-1 and C8 to C22 molecules, as specified in standards such as Specification D6751 and EN 14214. The accuracy of the method is based on the molecular weight of C16 to C18 FAME species; the presence of other FAME species with different molecular weights could affect the accuracy.
Note 3: Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer. However the effects of these additives are removed by the flow analysis processing.
Note 4: FAME concentrations from 150 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, and below 10 mg/kg can be measured but the precision could be affected.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7797 − 17 An American National Standard
583/15
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of
Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening
1,2
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
using flow analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FA-FTIR)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS-1) processing for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
content of aviation turbine fuel (AVTUR), in the range of
10 mg⁄kg to 150 mg⁄kg.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Specifications falling within the scope of this test method are:
Specification D1655 and Defence Standard 91-91.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 2—This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR
-1 D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
absorbance at approximately 1749 cm and C to C molecules, as
8 22
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
specified in standards such as Specification D6751 and EN 14214. The
accuracy of the method is based on the molecular weight of C to C
ucts by Hydrometer Method
16 18
FAME species; the presence of other FAME species with different
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
molecular weights could affect the accuracy.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
NOTE3—Additivessuchasantistaticagents,antioxidantsandcorrosion
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
However the effects of these additives are removed by the flow analysis
processing.
Petroleum Products
NOTE 4—FAME concentrations from 150 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, and
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
below 10 mg/kg can be measured but the precision could be affected.
Petroleum Products
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
standard.
Lubricants
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for Middle Distillate Fuels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Analysis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2 CEN Standards:
EN 14214 Specification Automotive Fuels—Fatty Acid
MethylEsters(FAME)forDieselEngines—Requirements
and Test Methods
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
3
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7797 – 16a. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D7797-17. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ASTM International and the Energy Institute, London. The IP and ASTM logos the ASTM website.
4
imply that theASTM and IPstandards are technically equivalent, but their use does Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
not imply that both standards are editorially identical. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7797 − 17
5
2.3 Energy Institute Standards: FAME contamination of jet turbine fuel in multifuel transport
IP 583 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Aci
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7797 − 16a D7797 − 17 An American National Standard
583583/15
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of
Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening
1,2
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method using flow analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FA-FTIR)
spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS-1) processing for the determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of
aviation turbine fuel (AVTUR), in the range of 10 mg ⁄kg to 150 mg ⁄kg.
NOTE 1—Specifications falling within the scope of this test method are: Specification D1655 and Defence Standard 91-91.
-1
NOTE 2—This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm and C to C molecules, as specified
8 22
in standards such as Specification D6751 and EN 14214. The accuracy of the method is based on the molecular weight of C to C FAME species; the
16 18
presence of other FAME species with different molecular weights could affect the accuracy.
NOTE 3—Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer. However
the effects of these additives are removed by the flow analysis processing.
NOTE 4—FAME concentrations from 150 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, and below 10 mg/kg can be measured but the precision could be affected.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published October 2016June 2017. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
D7797 – 16.D7797 – 16a. DOI: 10.1520/D7797-16A.10.1520/D7797-17.
2
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between ASTM International and the Energy Institute, London. The IP and ASTM logos imply that the
ASTM and IP standards are technically equivalent, but their use does not imply that both standards are editorially identical.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7797 − 17
4
2.2 CEN Standards:
EN 14214 Specification Automotive Fuels—Fatty Ac
...
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