ASTM D4105-96

Standard Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky confined aquifer under conditions of radial flow to a fully penetrating well of constant flux. This test method is a shortcut procedure used to apply the Theis nonequilibrium method. The Theis method is described in Test Method D 4106.
1.2 This test method is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D 4050.
1.3 Limitations -The limitations of this test method are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this test method (see 5.1). Furthermore, application is valid only for values of less than 0.01 ( is defined in Eq 2, in 8.6).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1996
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4105-96(2002) - Standard Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 4105 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method
(Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the
1
Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 aquifer, confined—an aquifer bounded above and
below by confining beds and in which the static head is above
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for
the top of the aquifer.
determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a non-
3.1.2 aquifer, unconfined—an aquifer that has a water table.
leaky confined aquifer under conditions of radial flow to a fully
3.1.3 confining bed—a hydrogeologic unit of less perme-
penetrating well of constant flux. This test method is a shortcut
able material bounding one or more aquifers.
procedure used to apply the Theis nonequilibrium method. The
3.1.4 control well—well by which the aquifer is stressed, for
Theis method is described in Test Method D 4106.
example, by pumping, injection, or change of head.
1.2 This test method is used in conjunction with the field
3.1.5 drawdown—vertical distance the static head is low-
procedure given in Test Method D 4050.
ered due to the removal of water.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method are
3.1.6 hydraulic conductivity—(field aquifer tests), the vol-
primarily related to the correspondence between the field
ume of water at the existing kinematic viscosity that will move
situation and the simplifying assumptions of this test method
in a unit time under unit hydraulic gradient through a unit area
(see 5.1). Furthermore, application is valid only for values of u
measured at right angles to the direction of flow.
less than 0.01 (u is defined in Eq 2, in 8.6).
3.1.7 observation well—a well open to all or part of an
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
aquifer.
standard.
3.1.8 piezometer—use to measure static head at a point in
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the subsurface.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.9 specific storage—the volume of water released from
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or taken into storage per unit volume of the porous medium per
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
unit change in head.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.10 storage coeffıcient—the volume of water an aquifer
2. Referenced Documents
releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the
aquifer per unit change in head. For a confined aquifer, it is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
equal to the product of specific storage and aquifer thickness.
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2
For an unconfined aquifer, the storage coefficient is approxi-
Fluids
mately equal to the specific yield.
D 4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer-Test Method in
2
3.1.11 transmissivity—the volume of water at the existing
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
kinematic viscosity that will move in a unit time under a unit
D 4050 Test Method (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and
hydraulic gradient through a unit width of the aquifer.
Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties
2
3.1.12 For definitions of other terms used in this test
of Aquifer Systems
method, see Terminology D 653.
D 4106 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
3.2 Symbols:Symbols and Dimensions:
ing Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky
−1
2
3.2.1 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity.
Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
3.2.2 K —hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direc-
xy
3. Terminology
tion.
3.2.3 K —hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
3.1 Definitions: z
2 −1
3.2.4 T [L T ]—transmissivity.
3.2.5 S [nd]—storage coefficient.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
−1
3.2.6 Ss [L ]—specific storage.
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
3.2.7 s [L]—drawdown.
3 −1
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published June 1997. Originally
3.2.8 Q [L T ]—discharge.
published as D 4105 – 91. Last previous edition D 4105 – 91.
2 3.2.9 r [L]—radial distance from control well.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4105
3.2.10 t [T]—time.
where:
3.2.11 b [L]—thickness of the aquifer.
Ds/Dlog t 5 the drawdown (measured or projected) over
10
one log cycle of time, and
4. Summary of
...