ASTM D2062-87(1997)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
Standard Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the following characteristics of zippers: Sections Opening and Closing of Zippers 14 to 17 Separator Functioning of Zippers 18 to 22 Sticking of Zippers at Stops 10 to 13
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>
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e1
Designation: D 2062 – 87 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Methods for
Operability of Zippers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2062; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout March 1998.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining 3.1 Definitions:
the following characteristics of zippers: 3.1.1 For definitions of zipper terms used in this standard
refer to Terminology D 2050. For definitions of other textile
Sections
terminology used in this standard refer to Terminology D 123.
Opening and Closing of Zippers 14-17
Separator Functioning of Zippers 18-22
4. Significance and Use
Sticking of Zippers at Stops 10-13
4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
appropriate sections.
standard.
4.2 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ceptance testing of commercial shipments of zippers because
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the methods have been used extensively in the trade for this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
purpose, even though current estimates of between-laboratory
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
precision are quite large in some cases.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results when using Test Methods D 2062 for
2. Referenced Documents
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
D 2050 Terminology Relating to Zippers
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
D 2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
Laundering
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
D 2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
cleaning
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
D 2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light
to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
D 2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes to
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
Crocking
unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
D 2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either
dering
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
D 2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
Drycleaning
the known bias.
D 2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray
4.3 The method(s) in the standard along with those in Test
(Fog)
Methods D 2051, D 2052, D 2053, D 2054, D 2057, D 2058,
D 2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
D 2059, D 2060, and D 2061 are a collection of proven test
D 2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zippers
without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. The
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation of
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassem-
all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by
blies. The methods were developed in cooperation with the Slide Fastener Assn.,
means of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-
Inc.
ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of
Current edition approved Feb. 27, 1987. Published April 1987. Originally
published as D 2062 – 61 T. Last previous edition D 2062 – 81.
a zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have not
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 2062
supplier. Consider individual containers from each shipping
carton to be the primary sampling units.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability between
shipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a sampling
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
quality level, and limiting quality level.
6.2 Laboratory Sample and Test Specimens—As a labora-
tory sample for acceptance testing, take a number of zippers
specified in Section 6 at random from each container in the lot
sample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample and
the test specimens.
7. Number of Specimens
7.1 Variables—Take a number of zippers per individual
container from each shipping carton such that the user may
expect at the 90 % probability level that the test result for an
individual container is no more than 10 % of the average above
or below the true average for the individual container. Deter-
mine the number of zippers per individual container as follows:
7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of v—When there is a reliable
estimate of v based upon extensive past records for similar
materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in the
method, calculate the number of specimens using Eq 1:
2 2 2 2
n 5 ~t 3 v !!/A 5 0.0270 3 v (1)
where:
n 5 number of specimens (rounded upward to a whole
number),
v 5 reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of
individual observations on similar materials in the
FIG. 1 Slider Sticking on Bottom Stop
user’s laboratory under conditions of single-
operator precision,
been published either because no practical methods have yet
t 5 1.645, the value of student’s t for infinite degrees
been developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-
of freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90 %
tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires an
probability level (t 5 2.706),
intimate and thorough knowledge of zippers. A 5 10.0 % of the average, the value of the allowable
variation, and
2 2
5. Apparatus
0.0270 5 value calculated from t /A .
7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of v—When there is no reliable
5.1 Force Indicator (Fig. 1)—A 50-N or 10-lbf capacity
estimate of v for the user’s laboratory, Eq 1 should not be used
force indicator equipped with a direct-reading dial graduated in
directly. Instead, specify the fixed numbers of specimens
0.5-N or 0.1-lbf divisions, a maximum-reading indicator, and a
shown in Table 1. These numbers of specimens are calculated
clamp suitable for attaching the zipper tape ends to the
indicator. using values of v which are listed in Table 1 and which are
somewhat larger values of v than are usually found in practice.
5.2 Spacer—A piece of metal designed to fit in the pin
cavity of the fixed retainer of the specimen and having a length When a reliable estimate of v for the user’s laboratory becomes
available, Eq 1 will usually require fewer specimens than are
equal to the element pitch of the specimen.
5.3 Hooks, suitable for attaching the force indicator to the listed in Table 1.
slider pull of a specimen.
TABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Unknown
6. Sampling
Variability in User’s Laboratory, Percent of the Average
6.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, Number of
A
Names of the Properties Basis
Specimens
take at random the number of individual containers from each
Sticking at top stops 47 n5 41.3
shipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-
Sticking at bottom stops 32 n5 34.4
cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the
Opening zipper 15 n5 23.4
Closing zipper 27 n5 31.1
Force to move slider, pin fully seated 43 n5 39.5
A
Drawings for the force indicator fixture shown is available from the various
The values of n in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usually be found in
zipper manufacturers upon request. practice (see 7.1.2).
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 2062
7.2 Attribute Properties—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as
when specified in an applicable material specification, take the
fixed number of 20 specimens for detecting slider movement
with the pin partially seated or not seated.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 Each test specimen shall consist of a completely as-
sembled zipper, except that for the opening and closing
method, a length of chain with an appropriate slider may be
used. Use a zipper or chain not less than 150 mm (6 in.) long.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Specimens to be tested by the use of these methods need
no special conditioning. Testing may be conducted under
prevailing room conditions.
STICKING OF ZIPPERS AT STOPS
10. Summary of Test Method
10.1 The slider is pulled against the stops with a prescribed
force after which the force required to move the slider away
from the stops is determined.
11. Significance and Use
11.1 The slider should move away from the stops readily.
The force required to move the slider is, therefore, a measure-
ment of the serviceability of the zipper in end use applications.
12. Procedure
12.1 Top Stop:
12.1.1 Disengage any interfering slider-locking elements.
FIG. 2 Slider Sticking on Top Stops
Secure the bottom tape ends of the completely assembled and
open zipper in the clamp of the force indicator as shown in Fig.
plane until it is clear of the bottom stop. Note and record the
1. Locate the clamp edge approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from
maximum reading on the force indicator to the nearest 0.5 N or
the outermost edge of the bottom stop. With the force indicator
0.1 lbf.
set at zero, hold the pull of the slider in a horizontal plane and
13. Report
move the slider manually downward in a vertical plane against
or over the top stops until a force of 18 N (4 lbf) is registered 13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
Sections 10-13 of ASTM Test Methods D 2062. Describe the
on the force indicator. Remove the specimen from the indicator
clamps. material(s) or product(s) sampled and the method of sampling
used.
12.1.2 Secure the top tape ends of the completely assembled
and closed zipper in the clamp of the force indicator. Locate the 13.2 Report the following information:
13.2.1 Specific property measured, that is, “sticking at top
clamp jaws 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from the outermost component. The
tape ends must touch each other at the point of clamping. stops”, or “sticking at bottom stops,”
13.2.2 Observed maximum force required to move the
12.1.3 Set the force indicator hand at zero. Hold the pull of
the slider in a horizontal plane and move the slider manually slider from the top stops or from the bottom stops for each
downward in a vertical plane until it is clear of the top stops. specimen tested, and
Record the maximum reading on the force indicator to the 13.2.3 Number of specimens tested.
nearest 0.5 N or 0.1 lbf.
OPENING AND CLOSING OF ZIPPERS
12.2 Bottom Stop:
12.2.1 With the tape ends clamped as shown in Fig. 2, set 14. Summary of Test Method
the force indicator at zero. Move the slider downward in a
14.1 Using a force indicator, the slider is pulled along the
vertical plane until it is against or over the bottom stop and
zipper chain alternately in the opening and closing directions
until a force of 18 N (4 lbf) is registered on the force indicator.
and the force required to maintain each movement is recorded.
12.2.2 Without disturbing the slider, secure the bottom tape
15. Significance and Use
ends of the specimen in the clamp of the force indicator (see
Fig. 1) approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from the outermost edge 15.1 The force required to move the slider on the chain is a
of the bottom stop. Hold the pull of the slider in a horizontal measure of the ease with which the zipper will operate in end
plane and move the slider manually downward in a vertical use applications.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2062
16. Procedure
16.1 Opening:
16.1.1 Disengage all slider locks from the chain, except on
automatic locking sliders. Secure the top end of the completely
assembled and closed zipper or chain in the clamp of the force
indicator (see Fig. 3) so that the outermost edge of the
outermost top stop is approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from the
edge of the clamp. Hold the pull of the slider in a horizontal
plane and move the slider downward manually to a position
approximately 12 mm (0.5 in.) away from the top stops as
shown in Fig. 3.
16.1.2 In the case of a chain specimen, separate a portion of
the chain above the slider and secure it in the force indicator
clamp with the elements touching. Position the slider so that its
top is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) below the bottom edges of
the clamp.
16.1.3 Set the force indicator at zero. Holding the pull of the
slider in a horizontal position, manually move the slider
downward in a vertical plane at a uniform rate for a distance of
about 125 mm (5 in.) in approximately 3 s. Take care that the
slider does not strike the bottom stop. Record the maximum
force registered by the force indicator to the nearest 0.5 N or
0.1 lbf.
16.2 Closing—Proceed as directed in 16.1, except secure
the bottom tape ends in the force indicator clamps (see Fig. 4).
In the case of a chain specimen, it is not necessary to separate
the chain below the slider before clamping.
FIG. 4 Chain Closing
17. Report
17.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in material(s) or product(s) sampled and the method of sampling
Sections 14-17 of ASTM Test Methods D 2062. Describe the used.
17.2 Report the following information:
17.2.1 Specific property measured, that is, to open and to
close the zipper,
17.2.2 Maximum forces required for opening zipper and for
closing zipper for each specimen tested, and
17.2.3 Number
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