ASTM E1875-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method has advantages in certain respects over the use of static loading systems for measuring moduli.
5.1.1 This test method is nondestructive in nature. Only minute stresses are applied to the specimen, thus minimizing the possibility of fracture.
5.1.2 The period of time during which measurement stress is applied and removed is of the order of hundreds of microseconds. With this test method it is feasible to perform measurements at high temperatures, where delayed elastic and creep effects would invalidate modulus of elasticity measurements calculated from static loading.
5.2 This test method is suitable for detecting whether a material meets the specifications, if cognizance is given to one important fact in materials are often sensitive to thermal history. Therefore, the thermal history of a test specimen must be considered in comparing experimental values of moduli to reference or standard values. Specimen descriptions should include any specific thermal treatments that the specimens have received.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic elastic properties of elastic materials. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the modulus of elasticity, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic properties of a material can be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young's modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio.
1.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for materials that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1).2 Materials of a composite character (particulate, whisker, or fiber reinforced) may be tested by this test method with the understanding that the character (volume fraction, size, morphology, distribution, orientation, elastic properties, and interfacial bonding) of the reinforcement in the test specimen will have a direct effect on the elastic properties. These reinforcement effects must be considered in interpreting the test results for composites. This test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that are major discontinuities in the specimen. Neither is the test method satisfactory when these materials cannot be fabricated in a uniform rectangular or circular cross section.
1.3 A high-temperature furnace and cryogenic cabinet are described for measuring the dynamic elastic moduli as a function of temperature from –195 to 1200°C.
1.4 Modification of this test method for use in quality control is possible. A range of acceptable resonant frequencies is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and mass. Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass are within specified tolerances.
1.5 There are material-specific ASTM standards that cover the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic properties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse excitation of vibration. Test Methods C215, C623, C747, C848, C1198, and C1259 may differ from this test method in several areas (for example; sample size, dimensional tolerances, sample preparation). The testing of these materials shall be done in compliance with these material specific standards. Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and calculations are consistent with these test methods.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarde...
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Designation: E1875 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
1
Ratio by Sonic Resonance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1875; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mass.Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside
this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dy-
specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the
namic elastic properties of elastic materials. Specimens of
selected frequency range are known to include the resonant
these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequen-
frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and
cies that are determined by the modulus of elasticity, mass, and
mass are within specified tolerances.
geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic
propertiesofamaterialcanbecomputedifthegeometry,mass, 1.5 There are material-specific ASTM standards that cover
and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable test speci- the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic proper-
men of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young’s ties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse
modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the excitationofvibration.TestMethodsC215,C623,C747,C848,
flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or C1198, and C1259 may differ from this test method in several
modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibra- areas (for example; sample size, dimensional tolerances,
tions. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus sample preparation). The testing of these materials shall be
are used to compute Poisson’s ratio. done in compliance with these material specific standards.
Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and
1.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for materials
2 calculations are consistent with these test methods.
that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1). Materials of
a composite character (particulate, whisker, or fiber reinforced) 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
may be tested by this test method with the understanding that standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
the character (volume fraction, size, morphology, distribution, standard.
orientation, elastic properties, and interfacial bonding) of the
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reinforcement in the test specimen will have a direct effect on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the elastic properties. These reinforcement effects must be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
considered in interpreting the test results for composites. This
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or voids that are major discontinuities in the specimen. Neither
is the test method satisfactory when these materials cannot be
2. Referenced Documents
fabricated in a uniform rectangular or circular cross section.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 A high-temperature furnace and cryogenic cabinet are
C215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse,
described for measuring the dynamic elastic moduli as a
Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of
function of temperature from –195 to 1200°C.
Concrete Specimens
C623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
1.4 Modification of this test method for use in quality
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
control is possible.Arange of acceptable resonant frequencies
Resonance
is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and
C747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental
Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
1
Resonance
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published May 2014. Originally
3
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1875-08. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E1875-13. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1875 − 08 E1875 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
1
Ratio by Sonic Resonance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1875; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic elastic properties of elastic materials. Specimens of these
materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, modulus of elasticity, mass,
and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic properties of a material can be computed if the geometry, mass,
and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young’s modulus is
determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity,
is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s
ratio.
2
1.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for materials that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1). Materials of a
composite character (particulate, whisker, or fiber reinforced) may be tested by this test method with the understanding that the
character (volume fraction, size, morphology, distribution, orientation, elastic properties, and interfacial bonding) of the
reinforcement in the test specimen will have a direct effect on the elastic properties. These reinforcement effects must be considered
in interpreting the test results for composites. This test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that are
major discontinuities in the specimen. Neither is the test method satisfactory when these materials cannot be fabricated in a uniform
rectangular or circular cross section.
1.3 A high-temperature furnace and cryogenic cabinet are described for measuring the dynamic elastic moduli as a function of
temperature from –195 to 1200°C.
1.4 Modification of this test method for use in quality control is possible. A range of acceptable resonant frequencies is
determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and mass. Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside this
frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected
frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass are within
specified tolerances.
1.5 There are material specific material-specific ASTM standards that cover the determination of resonance frequencies and
elastic properties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse excitation of vibration. Test Methods C215, C623, C747,
C848, C1198, and C1259 may differ from this test method in several areas (for example; sample size, dimensional tolerances,
sample preparation). The testing of these materials shall be done in compliance with these material specific standards. Where
possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and calculations are consistent with these test methods.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete Specimens
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2009May 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20002008 as
ε1
E1875E1875-00-08. . DOI: 10.1520/E1875-08.10.1520/E1875-13.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at se
...
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