ASTM D2093-03(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful for reducing some of the surface variability of plastics (due to differences in manufacturing methods) that might otherwise cause excessive variation in the results of ASTM test methods designed to measure adhesion. The treatments specified are convenient for laboratory work.
This practice is not necessarily designed to provide optimum adhesion to the surfaces and the treatments specified may not always be practical for industrial use.
This practice does not address all of the surface preparation methods available; nor does this practice cite all of the types or classes of plastics currently available.
This practice is used as a starting point for evaluating surface preparation techniques for plastic adherends prior to adhesive bonding.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plastic adherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of test specimens. It should be noted, however, that this practice specifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTM test methods or specifications for specific materials.
1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solvent wiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and all traces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants from the bonding surfaces.
1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric acid—dichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) are used in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of the polymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 6.1.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2093 − 03 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive
Bonding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plastic
D950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds
adherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of test
D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet
specimens. It should be noted, however, that this practice
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
specifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and does
D1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions,
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTM
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
test methods or specifications for specific materials.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solvent
D3807 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
wiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and all
Cleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-
traces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants from
to-Engineering Plastics)
the bonding surfaces.
3. Terminology
1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric acid—
3.1 Definitions—Many terms are defined in Terminology
dichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) are
D907.
used in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of the
polymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 This practice is useful for reducing some of the surface
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
variability of plastics (due to differences in manufacturing
only.
methods) that might otherwise cause excessive variation in the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
results of ASTM test methods designed to measure adhesion.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The treatments specified are convenient for laboratory work.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 This practice is not necessarily designed to provide
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
optimum adhesion to the surfaces and the treatments specified
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
may not always be practical for industrial use.
tionary statements are given in 6.1.
4.3 This practice does not address all of the surface prepa-
2. Referenced Documents
ration methods available; nor does this practice cite all of the
types or classes of plastics currently available.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties ofAdhesive Bonds
4.4 This practice is used as a starting point for evaluating
D903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-
surface preparation techniques for plastic adherends prior to
sive Bonds
adhesive bonding.
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
5. Apparatus
5.1 Abrasive, Aluminum Oxide, 320 grit, free of waxes,
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives
lubricants, or other potential contaminants.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published January 2011. Originally 5.2 Glass Dish, borosilicate, of appropriate dimensions, in
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2093 – 03.
which to heat the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.
DOI:10.1520/D2093–03R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5.3 Hot Plate to provide a source for heating the acid.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 Cotton Cloths, lint-free, clean, white, or non-linting
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. paper wipers.
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D2093 − 03 (2011)
TABLE 1 Physical Treatments
Plastic Adherend (Group I) Cleaning Procedure
Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, methylstyrene, poly- Wipe with methanol, sand, wipe with a clean dry cloth, then repeat
carbonate, polystyrene, vinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, cellulose propionate, methanol wipe.
ethylcellulose, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
Epoxy, polyester, phenolic, urea-formaldehyde, diallyl phthalate, melamine, nylon, and Wipe with acetone, sand, wipe with a clean dry cloth, then repeat acetone
polyurethane wipe.
TABLE 2 Chemical Treatments
Plastic Adherend (Group II) Cleaning Procedure
Polyolefins (low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, irradiated poly- Wipe with acetone and treat with sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.
ethylene), chlorinated polyether, polyformaldehyde Treat polyolefins for at least
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