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ASTM E492-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:
The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,
The acoustical response of the room below,
The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and
The nature of the actual impact itself.
This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.
Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.
In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds—flanking sound transmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using this test method do n...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2009
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.03 - Sound Transmission
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E492-04 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C842-05(2021) - Standard Specification for Application of Interior Gypsum Plaster
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2179-21 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of the Effectiveness of Floor Coverings in Reducing Impact Sound Transmission Through Concrete Floors
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1007-21 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2235-04(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E3222-20a - Standard Classification for Determination of High-frequency Impact Sound Ratings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E90-09(2016) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E989-21 - Standard Classification for Determination of Single-Number Metrics for Impact Noise
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C844-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Application of Gypsum Base to Receive<brk/> Gypsum Veneer Plaster
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E3091-17 - Standard Specification for Systems to Measure Sound Levels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C926-23 - Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based Plaster
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E966-18a - Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E3207-21 - Standard Classification for Determination of Low-Frequency Impact Noise Ratings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009

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ASTM E492-09 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping MachineASTM E492-09 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine
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REDLINE ASTM E492-09 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping MachineREDLINE ASTM E492-09 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E492 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission
Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E492; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is one of several for evaluating the sound insulating properties of building
elements. It is designed to measure the impact sound transmission performance of an isolated
floor-ceiling assembly, in a controlled laboratory environment. Others in the set deal with field
measurement of impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling assemblies (Test Method E1007),
measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test Method E336), the measurement of sound
transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414), and the laboratory
measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls, floor-ceiling
assemblies, doors, and other space-dividing elements (Test Method E90).
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test
limitations prior to use.
specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into
a receiving room located directly below and that a good
2. Referenced Documents
approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling as-
C423 Test Method for SoundAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-
semblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or
tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assem-
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
blies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-
Acoustics
covering materials.
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for
Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and
reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third
Elements
octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-
E336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.
Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
E989 Classification for Determination of Impact Insulation
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for ac-
Class (IIC)
crediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given
E1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping
in Annex A2.
Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-
standard.
tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
E2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE33onBuilding
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
E33.03 on Sound Transmission. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E492 – 04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0492-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E492 − 09
Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods 5. Significance and Use
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test
S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard Pressure
specimen is determined by the following:
Microphones
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-
S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-
ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or
Band Analog and Digital Filters
edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,
S1.43 Specification for Integrating-Averaging Sound-Level
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,
Meters
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E492–04 Designation: E 492 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission
Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 492; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is one of several for evaluating the sound insulating properties of building
elements. It is designed to measure the impact sound transmission performance of an isolated
floor-ceiling assembly, in a controlled laboratory environment. Others in the set deal with field
measurement of impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling assemblies, and the laboratory and
field methods of measuring airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls,
floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, and other space-dividing elements.
This test method is one of several for evaluating the sound insulating properties of building
elements. It is designed to measure the impact sound transmission performance of an isolated
floor-ceiling assembly, in a controlled laboratory environment. Others in the set deal with field
measurement of impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling assemblies (Test Method E 1007),
measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test Method E 336), the measurement of sound
transmission through a common plenumbetween two rooms (Test Method E 1414), and the laboratory
measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls, floor-ceiling
assemblies, doors, and other space-dividing elements (Test Method E 90).
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a
standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving
room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended
ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave
band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in
Annex A2.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
C 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
E90Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03
on Sound Transmission.
´1
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally approved 1973. Last previous edition approved 1996 as E492–90 (1996) .
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 492 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E492–09
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
E548Guide for General Criteria Used for Evaluating
...

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5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
1.2 This building and environmental acoustics standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C522-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C384-04(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by Impedance Tube Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The acoustical impedance properties of a sound absorptive material are related to its physical properties, such as airflow resistance, porosity, elasticity, and density. As such, the measurements described in this test method are useful in basic research and product development of sound absorptive materials.  
5.2 Normal incidence sound absorption coefficients are more useful than random incidence coefficients in certain situations. They are used, for example, to predict the effect of placing material in a small enclosed space, such as inside a machine.  
5.3 Estimates of the random incidence or statistical absorption coefficients for materials can be obtained from normal incidence impedance data. For materials that are locally reacting, that is, without sound propagation inside the material parallel to its surface, statistical absorption coefficients can be estimated from specific normal acoustic impedance values using an expression derived by London (1).5 Locally reacting materials include those with high internal losses parallel with the surface such as porous or fibrous materials of high density or materials that are backed by partitioned cavities such as a honeycomb core. Formulas for estimating random incidence sound absorption properties for both locally and bulk-reacting materials, as well as for multilayer systems with and without air spaces have also been developed (2).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of an impedance tube, alternatively called a standing wave apparatus, for the measurement of impedance ratios and the normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of acoustical materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1042-22(Classification)
Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical absorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1573-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of Masking Sound Levels Using A-Weighted and One-Third-Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical performance is dependent on many factors (see Guide E1374 for a discussion on general office acoustical considerations). One of these factors is the masking sound. The masking spectrum shape and level must conform within specified tolerances throughout the treated area. The measurement and recording of these parameters are addressed in this test method.  
5.2 The results from this test method are used to determine if the masking sound meets a particular specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the procedure used to measure the masking sound in terms of A-weighted and one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels.  
1.2 The results of this test method can be used to determine if and where the masking sound meets (or does not meet) a particular specification.  
1.3 This test method does not evaluate the overall acoustical environment. It is intended only to measure and report the masking sound levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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