ASTM D8040-18(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Heat Transfer Fluids in Glassware
Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Heat Transfer Fluids in Glassware
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between HTFs that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation. However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual service value of an HTF formulation can be determined by more comprehensive evaluation and field tests, agreed between customer and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure for evaluating the effects of heat transfer fluids (HTF) on metal specimens under controlled laboratory conditions. Fluids tested under this method are specifically designed for heating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3, 10.1.7.4, and A1.1.6.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8040 − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion Test for Heat Transfer Fluids in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants
in Glassware
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
for evaluating the effects of heat transfer fluids (HTF) on metal
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
specimens under controlled laboratory conditions. Fluids tested
ASTM Test Methods
under this method are specifically designed for heating and air
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
conditioning (HVAC) systems.
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
only.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
All-glass apparatus for corrosion test (2 drawings)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 In this test method, specimens of metals typical of those
Specific hazards statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3,
present in HVAC systems are totally immersed in aerated HTF
10.1.7.4, and A1.1.6.
solutions for 336 h at 88 °C (190 °F). The corrosion-inhibitive
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
properties of the test solution are evaluated on the basis of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
weight changes incurred by the specimens. Each test is run in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
triplicate, and the average weight change is determined for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
each metal. A single test may occasionally be completely out of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
line (see 11.2).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between
2.1 ASTM Standards: HTFs that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion stand-
point and those that are suitable for further evaluation.
B32 Specification for Solder Metal
However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And
evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual ser-
Rolled Bar
vice value of an HTF formulation can be determined by more
comprehensive evaluation and field tests, agreed between
customer and supplier.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5. Apparatus
D15.30 on Industrial Heat Transfer Fluids.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally
5.1 Container, a 1000 mL, tall-form, spoutless beaker, made
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8040 – 18. DOI:
of heat-resistant glass, for containing the HTF solution and test
10.1520/D8040–18R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Details available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD1384. Original adjunct produced in 1980.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8040 − 18 (2023)
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for 336 h Corrosion Test
specimens. The beaker shall be tightly closed with a No. 15 5.5 Heater, a constant-temperature bath containing a high-
rubber stopper, having drill holes to accommodate a water boiling liquid (see Note 1) that is capable of giving continuous
condenser, an aerator tube, and a thermometer as shown in Fig. service with the specified temperature control. The size of the
1. Optionally, an all-glass apparatus may be used.
bath will be determined by the number of corrosion tests that
are to be run concurrently.
5.2 Condenser, a water condenser of the reflux, glass-tube
type, having a 400 mm (16 in.) condenser jacket.
NOTE 1—The specimens prescribed in this test method may not be the
same as that of alloys currently used for HVAC cooling system compo-
5.3 Aerator Tube, a gas-dispersion tube, porosity size 12-C,
nents. However, they offer a broad range of metals and are customarily
to ensure continuous aeration without plugging.
used for research and product screening. Specimens other than those
designated in this test method may be used by mutual agreement of the
5.4 Temperature Measuring Instrument (Environmentally
parties involved.
Safe Thermometer or Thermocouple), an ASTM Partial Immer-
sion Temperature Measuring Instrument having a range from
6. Metal Test Specimens
–20 °C to 150 °C (0 °F to 302 °F) and conforming to the
requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as prescribed in
6.1 Type—The following metal test specimens shall be
Specification E1 or Thermocouple as summarized in Specifi-
used:
cation E230.
6.1.1 Steel, UNS G10200 (SAE 1020), cut from 1.59 mm
( ⁄16 in.) cold-rolled sheet stock to size 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm
(2 in. by 1 in.). Chemical composition of the carbon steel is as
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Corning Glass Works. Gas-dispersion tube No. 39533, manufactured by Corning
follows: carbon, 0.17 % to 0.23 %; manganese, 0.30 % to
Glass Works, 44-5 Crystal St., Corning, NY, has generally been found satisfactory
0.60 %; phosphorus, 0.040 % maximum; sulfur, 0.050 % maxi-
for this purpose. Optionally, a capillary tip bleed tube with 0.28 in. (7 mm) bore and
mum.
11.2 in. (280 mm) length may be used when consistent early plugging of gas
dispersion tubes occurs. The tube, catalog No. 7815-19, may be obtained from
Corning Glass Works, Corning, NY 14830. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-
ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical Unified numbering system for metals and alloys, SAE-ASTM, July 1995.
1 7
committee, which you may attend. A round-robin evaluation of coated solder report is available from ASTM
If a water bath is used, a significant reduction in evaporation rate is achieved International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report
by addition of floating plastic chips on the water surface. RR:D15-0132. Contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
D8040 − 18 (2023)
6.1.2 Copper, conforming to UNS C11000 (SAE CA110) 6.2.1 Metal Specimen Arrangement—None of the hardware
or UNS C11300 (SAE CA113). Cold-rolled, cut from used in metal specimen arrangement (metal specimen, screws,
1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm
washers, metal spacers, insulating sleeves, insulating spacers
(2 in. by 1 in.).
and nuts) can be reused for a test. The metal test specimens
6.1.3 Brass, conforming to Alloy UNS C26000 (SAE CA 17
shall be drilled through the center with a 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
260). Half-hard, cut from 1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size
drill to accommodate a 50.8 mm (2 in.) 10–24 brass machine
50.8 mm by 25.4 mm (2 in. by 1 in.).
screw covered with a thin-walled insulating sleeve. Tetrafluo-
6.1.4 Solder—A brass specimen as described in 6.1.3,
roethylene tubing with a 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) outside diameter
coated with solder conforming to Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A)
1 1
1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.) wide and a wall thickness of 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
of Specification B32. Solder-coated specimens may be
is satisfactory. Two half-hard brass legs shall be cut from
prepared, or used specimens recoated for reuse, by the proce-
1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm
dure given in Annex A1. A solid solder specimen cut from
(2 in. by 1 in.). A 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) diameter hole shall be
1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock of Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A) to
drilled in each leg with the center 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) from the top
size 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm (2 in. by 1 in.) may be used subject
and 12.7 mm ( ⁄2 in.) from each side. The test “bundle” shall be
to mutual agreement of the parties involved. The use of a solid
made up on the insulated screw with the specimens in the
solder specimen must be reported along with the metal
following order: brass leg, copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron,
specimen weight loss results.
cast aluminum, and brass leg. The specimens shall be separated
6.1.4.1 When agreed upon between the supplier and the
by 4.76 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick solid metal spacers having a
purchaser of HTF, the standard solder specimen may be
17 7
replaced with one having a different alloy composition than 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.) inside diameter and a 11.11 mm ( ⁄16 in.)
standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. Use of specimens other than outside diameter. Insulating spacers made from tetrafluoroeth-
standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B shall be noted in the test
ylene shall be used between the brass legs and the specimen
report.
“bundle,” and between the brass and steel specimens. Brass
spacers shall be used between the brass, solder, and copper
NOTE 2—Where non-standard alloy is used, the standard flux shown in
specimens, and steel spacers between the cast iron, steel, and
A1.1.5 may not be satisfactory. A low corrosive flux may be required.
cast aluminum specimens. The nut shall be tightened firmly to
6.1.5 Cast Aluminum, conforming to Alloy UNS A23190
ensure good electrical contact between the test specimens in
(SAE 329). Specimen size, 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm by 3.18 mm
each section of the “bundle.”
(2 in. by 1 in. by ⁄8 in.).
6.1.6 Cast Iron, conforming to Alloy UNS F10007 (SAE 6.2.2 Alternate Metal Specimen Arrangement—When
G3500). Specimen size, 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm by 3.18 mm
agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser, an
(2 in. by 1 in. by ⁄8 in.).
alternate metal specimen arrangement may be used to evaluate
multiple solder alloys, such as high lead Alloy Grade L50113
6.2 Arrangement (See Fig. 2):
consisting of 97 % lead, 2.5 % tin, 0.3 % silver, concurrently
with Standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. It is recommended that
the metal specimen arrangement be modified by replacing the
A round-robin evaluation of nitric acid cleaning of aluminum specimens is
copper specimen with the high lead solder specimen and
available from ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by request-
ing Research Report RR:D15-1018. Contact ASTM Customer Service at arranging specimens in the bundle as follows:
service@astm.org.
FIG. 2 Metal Specimen Arrangement
D8040 − 18 (2023)
10.1.3 Pour 750 mL of the prepared test solution into the
High Lead Alloy Grade Cast
Brass Steel Cast Iron
Solder 30A or 30B Aluminum
1000 mL beaker.
Use of alternate specimens and metal specimens arrange- 10.1.4 Fit the condenser and aeration tube to the beaker, and
ments shall be noted in the test report.
set the aeration rate at 100 mL/min, using a flow meter or other
suitable device.
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
10.1.5 Raise the temperature of the test solution to 88 °C
(190 °F). Pass water through the condenser at a rate sufficient
7.1 Sand the cast iron and cast aluminum specimens on the
to maintain adequate cooling.
25.4 mm by 50.8 mm (1 in. by 2 in.) cut surfaces with “coarse”
10.1.6 Check the tests once each working day to ensure
grade (No. 1) emery cloth. Remove any burrs from coupon
proper solution temperature, aeration rate, and solution level.
edges and hole. Scrub all specimens vigorously, using a
The tests may operate unattended on weekends and holidays.
moistened bristle brush and ground pumice powder or fine
Make up evaporation losses during the corrosion tests by
silicon carbide grit until the entire metal area is bright, shiny,
addition of distilled or deionized water.
and free from any visible oxide film or tarnish.
10.1.7 At the end of the test, immediately disassemble
7.2 Rinse the specimens thoroughly with tap water; then
specimens and brush very lightly with a soft bristle brush and
rinse with acetone, dry, and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. Cast
water to remove loosely held corrosion products. To remove
aluminum specimens should be dried in a 100 °C oven for 1 h,
the more tenacious corrosion products and films, the individual
to a constant weight, prior to recording the weight.
specimens shall then be subjected to additional cleaning
NOTE 3—If the test specimens are not to be used immediately, keep treatments as follows:
them in a desiccator until required.
10.1.7.1 Iron and Steel—Remove adherent deposits by
means of a brass scraper or brass bristle brush, followed by
8. Test Solutions
scrubbing with a wet bristle brush and fine pumice to clean the
specimen completely.
8.1 The concentration of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) to be
10.1.7.2 Copper and Brass—Dip in a 1+1 mixture of
tested shall be as follows:
concentrated HCl (sp gr 1.19) and water for 15 s to remove
8.1.1 Prediluted HTFs at concentrations higher than 30 %
tarnish films, rinse with tap water to remove acid, and scrub
by weight of the freeze depressant, must be diluted to 30 % by
with a wet bristle brush and fine pumice powder. (Warning—
weight with deionized water (demineralized) and shall be
HCl is a strong acid. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Handle
mixed with 99 mg of sodium sulfate, 110 mg of sodium
in a fume hood.)
chloride, and 92 mg of sodium bicarbonate per liter of test
10.1.7.3 Aluminum—In a fume hood, dip for 10 min in an
solution.
aqueous solution containing 4 parts concentrated nitric acid
8.1.2 HTF concentrates shall be diluted to 30 % by weight
(HNO , 70 mass %) plus one part distilled water at 25 °C
using deionized water (d
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