ASTM D1384-05(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method will generally distinguish between coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation. However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual service value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure for evaluating the effects of engine coolants on metal specimens under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix X1).
Note 1—For more information on engine coolants, see (Refs 1-8).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3, and 10.1.7.4.
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Designation: D1384 − 05 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G31Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of
Metals
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
for evaluating the effects of engine coolants on metal speci-
All-glass apparatus for corrosion test (2 drawings)
mens under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix
X1).
3. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—For more information on engine coolants, see (Refs 1-8).
3.1 Inthistestmethod,specimensofmetalstypicalofthose
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
present in engine cooling systems are totally immersed in
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
aeratedenginecoolantsolutionsfor336hat88°C(190°F).The
only.
corrosion-inhibitivepropertiesofthetestsolutionareevaluated
on the basis of the weight changes incurred by the specimens.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Each test is run in triplicate, and the average weight change is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determined for each metal. A single test may occasionally be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
completely out of line (see 11.2).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
4. Significance and Use
statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3, and 10.1.7.4.
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between
2. Referenced Documents
coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion
2.1 ASTM Standards: standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation.
B32Specification for Solder Metal However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as
B36/B36MSpecification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And
evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual ser-
Rolled Bar vice value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined
D1176Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field
tionsofEngineCoolantsorAntirustsforTestingPurposes tests.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5. Apparatus
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
5.1 Container—A 1000-mL, tall-form, spoutless beaker,
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
made of heat-resistant glass, for containing the engine coolant
solution and test specimens. The beaker shall be tightly closed
with a No. 15 rubber stopper, having drill holes to accommo-
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee date a water condenser, an aerator tube, and a thermometer as
D15.06 on Glassware Performance Tests.
shown in Fig. 1. Optionally, an all-glass apparatus may be
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
used.
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1384–04 (2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D1384-05R12.
5.2 Condenser—Awater condenser of the reflux, glass-tube
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
type, having a 400-mm (16-in.) condenser jacket.
this standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Details available from:ASTM International Headquarters. OrderAdjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD1384. Original adjunct produced in (1980).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1384 − 05 (2012)
6. Metal Test Specimens
NOTE 2—The specimens prescribed in this test method have been
accepted by automobile manufacturers, but their composition may not be
the same as that of alloys currently used for engine cooling system
components.Therefore, specimens other than those designated in this test
method may be used by mutual agreement of the parties involved.
6.1 Type—The following metal test specimens, representa-
tive of cooling system metals, shall be used:
6.1.1 Steel, UNS G10200 (SAE 1020), cut from 1.59-mm
( ⁄16-in.) cold-rolled sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by
1 in.). Chemical composition of the carbon steel is as follows:
carbon, 0.17 to 0.23 %; manganese, 0.30 to 0.60 %;
phosphorus, 0.040% maximum; sulfur, 0.050% maximum.
6.1.2 Copper, conforming to UNS C11000 (SAE CA110)
or UNS C11300 (SAE CA113) . Cold-rolled, cut from
1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1
in.).
6.1.3 Brass, conforming to Alloy UNS C26000 (SAE CA
260). Half-hard,cutfrom1.59-mm( ⁄16-in.)sheetstocktosize
50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.4 Solder—A brass specimen as described in 6.1.3,
coated with solder conforming toAlloy Grade 30A(SAE 3A)
of Specification B32. Solder-coated specimens may be
prepared, or used specimens recoated for reuse, by the proce-
dure given in Annex A1. A solid solder specimen cut from
1.59-mm( ⁄16-in.)sheetstockofAlloyGrade30A(SAE3A)to
size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.) may be used subject to
mutual agreement of the parties involved. The use of a solid
solder specimen must be reported along with the metal
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for the 336-h Corrosion
specimen weight loss results.
Test
6.1.4.1 When agreed upon between the supplier and the
purchaser of engine coolants, the standard solder specimen
may be replaced with one having a different alloy composition
5.3 Aerator Tube— A gas-dispersion tube, porosity size thanstandardAlloyGrade30Aor30B.Useofspecimensother
12-C, to ensure continuous aeration without plugging. thanstandardAlloyGrade30Aor30Bshallbenotedinthetest
report.
5.4 Temperature Measuring Instrument (Environmentally
Safe Thermometer or Thermocouple)— An ASTM Partial
NOTE 3—Where non-standard alloy is used, the standard flux shown in
A1.1.5 may not be satisfactory. A low corrosive flux may be required.
Immersion Temperature Measuring Instrument having a range
from−20 to 150°C (0 to 302°F) and conforming to the
6.1.5 Cast Aluminum, conforming to Alloy UNS A23190
requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as prescribed in
(SAE 329). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1
Specification E1 or Thermocouple as summarized in Specifi- 1
by ⁄8 in.).
cation E230.
6.1.6 Cast Iron, conforming to Alloy UNS F10007 (SAE
G3500). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1 by
5.5 Heater—Aconstant-temperaturebathcontainingahigh-
⁄8 in.).
boiling liquid (see Note 2) that is capable of giving continuous
service with the specified temperature control. The size of the
6.2 Arrangement (See Fig. 2):
bath will be determined by the number of corrosion tests that
6.2.1 Metal Specimen Arrangement—None of the hardware
are to be run concurrently.
used in metal specimen arrangement (metal specimen, screws,
washers, metal spacers, insulating sleeves, insulating spacers
and nuts) can be reused for a test. The metal test specimens
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
shall be drilled through the center with a 6.75-mm ( ⁄64-in.)
is the Corning Glass Works. Gas-dispersion tube No. 39533, manufactured by the
Corning Glass Works, 44-5 Crystal St., Corning, NY, has generally has been found
satisfactory for this purpose. Optionally, a capillary tip bleed tube with 0.28-in.
(7-mm) bore and 11.2-in. (280-mm) length may be used when consistent early Complete sets or individual metal test specimens are available from (a)
plugging of gas dispersion tubes occurs. The tube, catalog No. 7815-19, may be ChemicalSpecialtiesManufacturersAssociation,Inc.,Suite1120,1001Connecticut
obtained from the Corning Glass Works, Corning, NY14830. If you are aware of Ave., N.W., Washington, DC20036; (b) Astro-Mechanics, Inc., 8500 Research
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Blvd., Austin, TX78766; (c) The Metaspec Company, P.O. Box 27707, San
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the Antonio,TX78227;or(d)MetalSamplesCo.Inc.,P.O.Box8,Munford,AL36268.
1 8
responsible technical committee , which you may attend. UNIFIED numbering system for metals and alloys, SAE-ASTM, July 1995.
6 9
If a water bath is used, a significant reduction in evaporation rate is achieved Round-robin evaluation of coated solder report is available from ASTM
by addition of floating plastic chips on the water surface. Headquarters. Request RR:D15-0132.
D1384 − 05 (2012)
until the entire metal area is bright, shiny, and free from any
visible oxide film or tarnish.
7.2 Rinse the specimens thoroughly with tap water; then
rinse with acetone, dry, and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. Cast
aluminum specimens should be dried in a 100°C oven for 1 h,
to a constant weight, prior to recording the weight.
NOTE 4—If the test specimens are not to be used immediately, keep
them in a desiccator until required.
8. Test Solutions
8.1 The concentration of the engine coolant to be tested
shall be as follows:
8.1.1 Engine Coolant—The engine coolant, EG or PG
based, shall be mixed with the proper quantity of corrosive
FIG. 2 Metal Specimen Arrangement
water to give a 33 ⁄3 volume % coolant test solution.
8.1.2 Corrosive Water (Note 4)—The corrosive water shall
contain100ppmeachofsulfate,chloride,andbicarbonateions
drill to accommodate a 50.8-mm (2-in.) 10–24 brass machine
introduced as sodium salts.
screw covered with a thin-walled insulating sleeve. Tetrafluo-
roethylene tubing with a 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) outside diameter
8.2 Preparation of Sample—The preparation of the sample
1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) wide and a wall thickness of 0.4 mm
shall be done in accordance with the section on Preparation of
( ⁄64-in.) is satisfactory. Two half-hard brass legs shall be cut
Solutions Requiring Inclusion of Separated Solids and Liquids
from 1.59-mm ( ⁄16-in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2
inTest Method D1176, except that the corrosive water shall be
by 1 in.). A 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) diameter hole shall be drilled in
used for dilution instead of distilled water.Thus, any insoluble
eachlegwiththecenter6.35mm( ⁄4in.)fromthetopand12.7
materials will be included in the representative sample.
mm( ⁄2in.)fromeachside.Thetest“bundle”shallbemadeup
NOTE 5—The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolving
on the insulated screw with the specimens in the following
the following amounts of anhydrous sodium salts in a quanity of distilled
order: brass leg, copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron, cast
or deionized water.
aluminum, and brass leg. The specimens shall be separated by
sodium sulfate 148 mg
4.76-mm ( ⁄16-in.) thick solid metal spacers having a 6.75-mm
sodium chloride 165 mg
17 7
sodium bicarbonate 138 mg
( ⁄64-in.) inside diameter and a 11.11-mm ( ⁄16-in.) outside
diameter. Insulating spacers made from tetrafluoroethylene
The resulting solution should be made up to a volume of 1 L with
shall be used between the brass legs and the specimen
distilled or deionized water at 20°C.
If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, a
“bundle,” and between the brass and steel specimens. Brass
concentratemaybepreparedbydissolvingtentimestheaboveamountsof
spacers shall be used between the brass, solder, and copper
the three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the total
specimens, and steel spacers between the cast iron, steel, and
volume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. When
cast aluminum specimens. The nut shall be tightened firmly to
needed, the water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one part by volume
ensure good electrical contact between the test specimens in of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.
each section of the “bundle.”
9. Test Conditions
6.2.2 Alternate Metal Specimen Arrangement—When
agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser, an 9.1 Beaker Assembly—The arrangement of the assembled
alternate metal specimen arrangement may be used to evaluate metal specimens with relation to the aerator tube and other
multiple solder alloys, such as high leadAlloy Grade L50113 components is shown in Fig. 1. Note that the tip of the
condenser just emerges from the bottom of the rubber stopper.
consisting of 97% lead, 2.5% tin, 0.3% silver, concurrently
withStandardAlloyGrade30Aor30B.Itisrecommendedthat
9.2 Test Temperature—Thetestsolutionshallbemaintained
the metal specimen arrangement be modified by replacing the
at a temperature of 88 6 2°C (190 6 5°F).
copper specimen with the high lead solder specimen and
9.3 Aeration Rate—The aeration rate shall be 100 6 10
arranging specimens in the bundle as follows:
mL/min. The aerator tube should be located at least 12.7 mm
High Lead Brass Alloy Grade Steel Cast Iron Cast
( ⁄2in.)awayfromthetest“bundle”toavoiddirectcontactwith
Solder 30A or 30B Aluminum
the metal specimens.
Use of alternate specimens and metal specimens arrange-
ments shall be noted in the test report. 9.4 Test Duration—The test shall be run continuously for 2
weeks (336 h).
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
10. Procedure
7.1 Sand the cast iron and cast aluminum specimens on the
25.4 by 50.8-mm (1 by 2-in.) cut surfaces with “coarse” grade 10.1 Make triplicate tests concurrently on each engine
(No.1)emerycloth.Removeanyburrsfromcouponedgesand coolant solution in accordance with the following procedure:
hole.Scruballspecimensvigorously,usingamoistenedbristle 10.1.1 Carefully clean the test beaker, condenser, rubber
brush and ground pumice powder or fine silicon carbide grit stopper, and aerator tube, and thoroughly rinse with water.
D1384 − 05 (2012)
10.1.2 Bolt the specimens together in the order given in 6.2 10.1.8 Theaciddiptimesgivenin10.1.7forthecleaningof
and place the “bundle” in the test beaker as shown in Fig. 1. nonferrous specimens are average values found to be adequate
10.1.3 Pour 750 mL of the prepared test solution into the in most cases. Other times, suggested by experience, may be
1000-mL beaker. used if necessary, if gross weight losses are adjusted by the
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