ASTM A367-11(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Chill Testing of Cast Iron
Standard Test Methods of Chill Testing of Cast Iron
ABSTRACT
This test method deals with gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. The purpose of the test is to determine the chilling tendencies of cast iron. The two tests are wedge test and chill test. Both tests shall be made in a core which may either be single cores or gang cores and a pouring practice shall be performed. The wedge test is generally better adapted to the higher strength gray irons. The accelerated cooling rate that shall induce the formation of a chill shall be brought about through the design of the test specimen. The chill test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test shall be induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block. Wedge test is simpler than chill test since in the wedge test, maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are covered as follows. For many applications, either test method will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are selected.
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally better adapted to the higher-strength gray irons. The accelerated cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about through the design of the test specimen. This test method is simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 are provided for information only.
FIG. 1 Dimensions for Test Wedges
Wedge No.
Wedge Dimensions
B
H
A, deg
Length
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
W 1
0.20
5.1
1.00
25.4
11.5
4
101.6
W 2
0.40
10.2
1.25
31.8
18
4
101.6
W 3
0.75
19.1
1.50
38.1
28
4
101.6
W 31/2
1.00
25.4
1.75
44.4
32
5
127.0
W 4
1.25
31.8
2.00
50.8
34.5
6
152.4
FIG. 2 Recommended Dimensions for Test Method B Chill Test Specimens
Chill Test No.
Recommended Dimensions, in.
Recommended
Chill Depth
Range, 1/23 in.A
T
A
B
H
L
D
d
G
1C
3/16
1/4
1/8
11/4
21/2
3/4
1/2
1/32
3 to 12
2C
1/4
5/16
3/16
11/2
3
7/8
1/2
1/32
4 to 16
3C
3/8
7/16
5/16
13/4
31/2
7/8
1/2
1/16
6 to 24
4C
1/2
9/16
7/16
2
4
1
5/8
1/16
8 to 32
5C
3/4
13/16
11/16
21/2
5
1
5/8
3/32
12 to 48 (A) T/2 to 2T.
Note 1—Casting to be made in a dry sand core.
Note 2—Allow 3/4 in. of sand on all sides.
Metric Equivalents
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
1/32
0.8
3/8
9.5
1
25.4
1/16
1.6
7/16
12.1
11/4
31.8
3/32
2.4
1/2
12.7
11/2
38.1
1/8
3.2
9/16
14.3
13/4
44.4
3/16
4.8
11/16
17.5
2
50.8
1/4
6.4
3/4
19.0...
General Information
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Designation: A367 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods of
Chill Testing of Cast Iron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope TEST METHOD A – WEDGE TEST
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons
2. Application
thataretobefreeofchillinthecastingandtochilledironsthat
2.1 Selection of a test specimen of appropriate dimensions
are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test
will allow measurement of chilling tendencies of all gray iron
methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are
compositions, with the exception of those having silicon
covered as follows. For many applications, either test method
contents much over 2.50 % together with carbon contents over
will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are
3.50 %.
selected.
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally
3. Test Specimens
better adapted to the higher-strength gray irons. The acceler-
3.1 The patterns for the test specimens shall be made of
ated cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought
metal to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1.With the exception of
aboutthroughthedesignofthetestspecimen.Thistestmethod
the length of the test specimen, dimensions shall not vary more
is simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chill
than 6 ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance on the length of the
blocks or plates is not necessary.
specimen shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The radius on the apex of
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted
the wedge should be formed by filing a ⁄32-in. flat on the sharp
to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the
edgeofthemetalpatternandthencarefullyroundingtheedges
casting is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this
formedbythe ⁄32-in.flatandthesidesofthewedge.Ifdrafton
type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen
the pattern is desired, it may be obtained by varying dimension
against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block.
H (Fig. 1) from one end of the specimen to the other. The
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded pattern should be mounted in a core box so that the final core
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
can be poured with the wedge in such a position that its length
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only is vertical.There shall be 1 in. (25.4 mm) minimum sand at the
and are not considered standard.
bottom of the core.
1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 are
4. Procedure
provided for information only.
4.1 Cores—Make the test in a core.The cores may be either
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
singlecoresorgangcores.Ifagangcoreisused,theminimum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
amount of sand between adjacent test specimens shall be not
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
less than 2 ⁄2 × B (Fig. 1). The sand cores shall be well cured
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and free of moisture. The base sand shall be of such fineness
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that a smooth casting will be obtained. A sand with an AFS
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
fineness of about 70 will be found satisfactory, although a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sandwithafinenessof100orfinermaybeusedforthesmaller
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
test specimens.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2 Pouring Practice—Pour all samples at as consistent a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
pouring temperature as possible, since the amount of chill is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
clearly affected by the pouring temperature. Take precautions
to obtain a representative sample of iron for the test specimen.
Best results are obtained with a sample ladle lined with a
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA04onIron
refractory mixture that is free of graphite and chilled iron. The
Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A367 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/A0367-11R17. Mold & Core Test Handbook, The American Foundry Society.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A367 − 11 (2017)
Wedge Dimensions
Wedge No. BH Length
A, deg
in. mm in. mm in. mm
W 1 0.20 5.1 1.00 25.4 11.5 4 101.6
W 2 0.40 10.2 1.25 31.8 18 4 101.6
W 3 0.75 19.1 1.50 38.1 28 4 101.6
W3 ⁄2 1.00 25.4 1.75 44.4 32 5 127.0
W 4 1.25 31.8 2.00 50.8 34.5 6 152.4
FIG. 1 Dimensions for Test Wedges
Recommended Dimensions, in.
Recommended
Chill Test No. Chill Depth
TA B H L D d G
A
Range, ⁄23 in.
3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
1C ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄8 1 ⁄4 2 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄32 3to12
1 5 3 1 7 1 1
2C ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 1 ⁄2 3 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄32 4to16
3 7 5 3 1 7 1 1
3C ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 1 ⁄4 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 6to24
1 9 7 5 1
4C ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄16 24 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 8to32
3 13 11 1 5 3
5C ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 2 ⁄2 51 ⁄8 ⁄32 12 to 48
A
T/2 to 2T.
Note 1—Casting to be made in a dry sand core.
Note 2—Allow ⁄4 in. of sand on all sides.
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 3
⁄32 0.8 ⁄8 9.5 1 25.4
1 7 1
⁄16 1.6 ⁄16 12.1 1 ⁄4 31.8
3 1 1
⁄32 2.4 ⁄2 12.7 1 ⁄2 38.1
1 9 3
⁄8 3.2 ⁄16 14.3 1 ⁄4 44.4
3 11
⁄16 4.8 ⁄16 17.5 2 50.8
1 3 1
⁄4 6.4 ⁄4 19.0 2 ⁄2 63.5
5 13
⁄16 7.9 ⁄16 20.6
FIG. 2 Recommended Dimensions for Test Method B Chill Test Specimens
ladle should hold at least 5 lb (2.3 kg) of iron in order to avoid poured. Filling the ladle once with iron just prior to obtaining
excessive chilling of the iron before the test specimen can be the sample for test is recommended.
A367 − 11 (2017)
4.3 CoolingofTestSpecimen—Iftimeisanimportantfactor a gang core box and pattern may be used. In this case, a test
in control applications, the test specimen may be quenched in specimen with the chilled face in a vertical position may be
water as soon as it is completely solid. The quenching must be found more convenient although it is not considered as
done carefully to avoid cracking of the chilled apex of the satisfactory as the horizontally cast test specimen.
wedge. This may be accomplished by grasping the wedge with
8. Procedure
1 1
tongsattheapexofthewedgeandimmersingabout ⁄4to ⁄2in.
8.1 Cores—Make the test in a core. For general application,
(6.4 to 12.7 mm) of the base of the wedge in water.The wedge
a single core is considered more satisfactory than a gang core.
may then be gradually quenched but should be removed while
If a gang core is used, the amount of sand between test
there is still sufficien
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A367 − 11 A367 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods of
Chill Testing of Cast Iron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are
to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are covered
as follows. For many applications, either test method will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are selected.
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally better adapted to the higher strength higher-strength gray irons. The
accelerated cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about through the design of the test specimen. This test method
is simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting
is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal
or graphite chilled plate or block.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
TEST METHOD A—WEDGE A – WEDGE TEST
2. Application
2.1 Selection of a test specimen of appropriate dimensions will allow measurement of chilling tendencies of all gray iron
compositions, with the exception of those having silicon contents much over 2.50 % together with carbon contents over 3.50 %.
3. Test Specimens
Fig. 1. With the exception of the
3.1 The patterns for the test specimens shall be made of metal to the dimensions shown in
length of the test specimen, dimensions shall not vary more than 6 ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance on the length of the specimen
1 1
shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The radius on the apex of the wedge should be formed by filing a ⁄32-in. flat on the sharp edge of the
metal pattern and then carefully rounding the edges formed by the ⁄32-in. flat and the sides of the wedge. If draft on the pattern
is desired, it may be obtained by varying dimension H (Fig. 1) from one end of the specimen to the other. The pattern should be
mounted in a core box so that the final core can be poured with the wedge in such a position that its length is vertical. There shall
be 1-in. (25.4-mm) 1 in. (25.4 mm) minimum sand at the bottom of the core.
4. Procedure
4.1 Cores—Make the test in a core. The cores may be either single cores or gang cores. If a gang core is used, the minimum
amount of sand between adjacent test specimens shall be not less than 2 ⁄2 × B (Fig. 1). The sand cores shall be well cured and
free of moisture. The base sand shall be of such fineness that a smooth casting will be obtained. A sand with an AFS fineness of
about 70 will be found satisfactory, although a sand with a fineness of 100 or finer may be used for the smaller test specimens.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2017. Published July 2011October 2017. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
A367 – 60A367 – 11. (2005). DOI: 10.1520/A0367-11.10.1520/A0367-11R17.
Mold & Core Test Handbook, The American Foundry SocietySociety.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A367 − 11 (2017)
Wedge Dimensions
Wedge No. B H Length
A, deg
in. mm in. mm in. mm
W 1 0.20 5.1 1.00 25.4 11.5 4 101.6
W 2 0.40 10.2 1.25 31.8 18 4 101.6
W 3 0.75 19.1 1.50 38.1 28 4 101.6
W 3 ⁄2 1.00 25.4 1.75 44.4 32 5 127.0
W 4 1.25 31.8 2.00 50.8 34.5 6 152.4
FIG. 1 Dimensions for Test Wedges
Recommended Dimensions, in.
Recommended
Chill Test No. Chill Depth
T A B H L D d G
A
Range, ⁄23 in.
3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
1C ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄8 1 ⁄4 2 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄32 3 to 12
1 5 3 1 7 1 1
2C ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 1 ⁄2 3 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄32 4 to 16
3 7 5 3 1 7 1 1
3C ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 1 ⁄4 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 6 to 24
1 9 7 5 1
4C ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄16 2 4 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 8 to 32
3 13 11 1 5 3
5C ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 2 ⁄2 5 1 ⁄8 ⁄32 12 to 48
A
T/2 to 2T.
Note 1—Casting to be made in a dry sand core.
Note 2—Allow ⁄4 in. of sand on all sides.
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 3
⁄32 0.8 ⁄8 9.5 1 25.4
1 7 1
⁄16 1.6 ⁄16 12.1 1 ⁄4 31.8
3 1 1
⁄32 2.4 ⁄2 12.7 1 ⁄2 38.1
1 9 3
⁄8 3.2 ⁄16 14.3 1 ⁄4 44.4
3 11
⁄16 4.8 ⁄16 17.5 2 50.8
1 3 1
⁄4 6.4 ⁄4 19.0 2 ⁄2 63.5
5 13
⁄16 7.9 ⁄16 20.6
FIG. 2 Recommended Dimensions for Test Method B Chill Test Specimens
4.2 Pouring Practice—Pour all samples at as consistent a pouring temperature as possible, since the amount of chill is clearly
affected by the pouring temperature. Take precautions to obtain a representative sample of iron for the test specimen. Best results
are obtained with a sample ladle lined with a refractory mixture that is free of graphite and chilled iron. The ladle should hold at
A367 − 11 (2017)
least 5 lb (2.3 kg) of iron in order to avoid excessive chilling of the iron before the test specimen can be poured. Filling the ladle
once with iron just prior to obtaining the sample for test is recommended.
4.3 Cooling of Test Specimen—If time is an important factor in control applications, the test specimen may be quenched in water
as soon as it is completely solid. The quenching must be done carefully to avoid cracking of the chilled apex of the wedge. This
1 1
may be accomplished by grasping the wedge with tongs at the apex of the wedge and immersing about ⁄4 to ⁄2 in. (6.4 to 12.7
mm) of the base of the wedge in water. The wedge may then be gradually quenched but should be removed while there is still
sufficient heat in the wedge to dry off the water. If speed of testing is not important, the test specimen may be either cooled in the
core or in the air. If cooled to a very dull red before quenching in water, the demarcation between the chilled iron and the gr
...
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