ASTM D4842-90(1996)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Solid Wastes to Freezing and Thawing

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining material losses produced by repeated freezing and thawing of solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of the disintegration of solid specimens.
1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically representative, hence it does not address problems as a result of the inhomogeneity of specimens.
1.3  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2000
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.06 - Analytical Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4842-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Solid Wastes to Freezing and Thawing (Withdrawn 2006)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4842 – 90 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Resistance of Solid Wastes to Freezing and
Thawing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4842; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Balance or Scale, with a capacity at least 50 % greater
than the weight of the specimen and beaker, and a sensitivity of
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining
0.01 g.
material losses produced by repeated freezing and thawing of
4.3 Drying Oven, a thermostatically controlled drying oven
solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of
capable of maintaining a temperature of 60 6 2°C; to be used
the disintegration of solid specimens.
for drying moisture specimen and for the solids content
1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the
determination.
procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically represen-
4.4 Freezing Cabinet, capable of maintaining − 20 6 3°C.
tative, hence it does not address problems as a result of the
4.5 Refrigerator, capable of maintaining + 4 6 3°C.
inhomogeneity of specimens.
4.6 Moisture Chamber, a suitably covered container capable
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of maintaining a temperature of 20 6 3°C and maintain 95 %
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
relative humidity, for preconditioning and thawing specimens.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.7 Beakers, 400-mL size (narrow type), to store sample and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to collect particulates.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.8 Tongs, to handle samples.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Sample Preparation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Specimen Size— 44-mm diameter by 74-mm in length.
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
5.1.1 Specimens may be cut to size from larger samples.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
5.1.2 Specimens can also be molded in disposable plastic
D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water
molds. When molding specimens refer to Practice C 305 (see
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
2.1).
3. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—Practice C 305 refers to pastes and mortars. Molding materi-
3.1 This test method is intended for the evaluation of the
als with different consistency may require modifications and may result in
freezing and thawing resistance of monolithic, solid, solidified/ different precision.
stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this test
5.2 Condition samples that are not molded for this test in the
method.
moisture chamber for a period of seven days.
3.2 This test method may be used for the comparison of
5.2.1 Samples molded for this test have to be cured in the
freezing and thawing resistance of wastes.
moisture chamber for a period of 28 days.
3.3 Data tabulated in the charts shown in Figs. 1-3 may be
6. Procedure
used to observe irregularities caused by inhomogeneity of
specimens or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations of
6.1 Select one specimen for moisture content determination.
different wastes, or both, as well as to measure method-related
6.2 Determine moisture content of specimen in accordance
weight losses such as matrix dissolution.
with Test Method D 2216 but revised to use a temperature of
60° 6 3°C (see 2.1).
4. Apparatus
6.3 Select three specimens for testing and three for control
4.1 Disposable Molds, 44-mm inside diameter by 74-mm in
and mark them respectively.
length.
6.4 Weigh specimens (to the nearest 0.01 g).
6.5 Place each specimen into a tared beaker, dried in
1 accordance with Test Method D 2216, and weighed to the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
nearest 0.01 g. Cover the beaker with a watch glass or plastic
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 on
Analytical Methods.
wrap.
Current edition approved May 25, 1990. Published July 1990.
6.6 Place the three beakers with testing specimens in a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
freezing cabinet. Maintain temperature at − 20 6 3°C for 24 h.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4842
6.7 Store the three beakers with the control specimens in the
moisture chamber at 20°C for 24 h.
6.8 Remove the specimens from the freezing cabinet and the
moisture chamber.
6.8.1 To the frozen specimens add 240 mL of distilled
chilled water. This water shall be at a temperature of 4 6 3°C.
6.8.2 To the control specimens, add 240 mL of room
temperature water. This water shall be at a temperature of 20 6
3°C.
6.8.3 Place a watch glass or plastic wrap on the beakers and
store the water covered specimens at 20 6 3°C for 23 h.
6.9 Using tongs, transfer each specimen to another dry
beaker. This second set of beakers shall be prepared in
accordance with 6.5.
NOTE 2—Excessive tong pressure may result in premature failure or
damage to specimen.
6.10 Remove any loosely attached particulates by spraying
distilled water from a wash bottle to the surface of specimen
D 4842
(10 to 20 mL distilled water). Let water
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