ASTM C356-10

Standard Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soaking Heat

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Linear shrinkage, as used in this test method, refers to the change in linear dimensions that has occurred in test specimens after they have been subjected to soaking heat for a period of 24 h and then cooled to room temperature.
Most insulating materials will begin to shrink at some definite temperature. Usually the amount of shrinkage increases as the temperature of exposure becomes higher. Eventually a temperature will be reached at which the shrinkage becomes excessive. With excessive shrinkage, the insulating material has definitely exceeded its useful temperature limit. When an insulating material is applied to a hot surface, the shrinkage will be greatest on the hot face. The differential shrinkage which results between the hotter and the cooler surfaces often introduces strains and may cause the insulation to warp. High shrinkage may cause excessive warpage and thereby may induce cracking, both of which are undesirable. High shrinkage may also open gaps at the insulation joints to an excessive extent rendering the application less efficient and more hazardous. In order to predict the limit of permissible shrinkage in service, the degree of linear shrinkage to be tolerated by specimens of an insulating material when subjected to soaking heat must be determined from experience.
It is recognized that a fixed relation between linear shrinkage under soaking heat and actual shrinkage in service cannot be established for different types of insulating materials. Generally the amount of shrinkage increases with time of exposure. The amount and rate of increase varies from one material to another. In addition, the various types of materials may have different amounts of maximum permissible shrinkage. Therefore, each product must define its own specific limits of linear shrinkage under soaking heat.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of linear shrinkage and other changes that occur when a preformed thermal insulating material is exposed to soaking heat. This test method is limited to preformed high-temperature insulation that is applicable to hot-side temperatures in excess of 200°F (93°C), with the exception of insulating fire brick which is covered by Test Method C210.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2010
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C16 - Thermal Insulation
• Drafting Committee: C16.31 - Chemical and Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C356 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal
1
Insulation Subjected to Soaking Heat
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope specimens after they have been subjected to soaking heat for a
period of 24 h and then cooled to room temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
of linear shrinkage and other changes that occur when a
4.2 Most insulating materials will begin to shrink at some
preformed thermal insulating material is exposed to soaking
definite temperature. Usually the amount of shrinkage in-
heat.Thistestmethodislimitedtopreformedhigh-temperature
creases as the temperature of exposure becomes higher. Even-
insulation that is applicable to hot-side temperatures in excess
tually a temperature will be reached at which the shrinkage
of 200°F (93°C), with the exception of insulating fire brick
becomes excessive. With excessive shrinkage, the insulating
which is covered by Test Method C210.
material has definitely exceeded its useful temperature limit.
When an insulating material is applied to a hot surface, the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
shrinkage will be greatest on the hot face. The differential
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
shrinkage which results between the hotter and the cooler
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
surfaces often introduces strains and may cause the insulation
and are not considered standard.
to warp. High shrinkage may cause excessive warpage and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thereby may induce cracking, both of which are undesirable.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
High shrinkage may also open gaps at the insulation joints to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
an excessive extent rendering the application less efficient and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
more hazardous. In order to predict the limit of permissible
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shrinkage in service, the degree of linear shrinkage to be
2. Referenced Documents
tolerated by specimens of an insulating material when sub-
2
jected to soaking heat must be determined from experience.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
4.3 It is recognized that a fixed relation between linear
C210 TestMethodforReheatChangeofInsulatingFirebrick
shrinkage under soaking heat and actual shrinkage in service
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
cannotbeestablishedfordifferenttypesofinsulatingmaterials.
Temperature Thermal Insulation
Generally the amount of shrinkage increases with time of
exposure. The amount and rate of increase varies from one
3. Terminology
material to another. In addition, the various types of materials
3.1 Definitions—Terminology C168 shall apply to the terms
may have different amounts of maximum permissible shrink-
used in this test method.
age.Therefore, each product must define its own specific limits
of linear shrinkage under soaking heat.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Linear shrinkage, as used in this test method, refers to
5. Apparatus
the change in linear dimensions that has occurred in test
5.1 Furnace—A gas-fired or electrically heated muffle
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
furnace, having a size sufficient to accommodate at least four
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
1 1
test specimens and two dummy specimens, 6 by 2 ⁄2 by 1 ⁄2 in.
Physical Properties.
(152.4 by 63.5 by 38.1 mm) (Note 1), spaced so as to allow a
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
1
clearance of at least ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) on all surfaces of every
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C356 –03. DOI:
10.1520/C0356-10.
test specimen. The temperature of the furnace shall be con-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
trolled throughout the volume occupied by the specimens to
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
within 6 1 % of the desired temperature. A furnace-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. temperature indicator or recorder is required.
Copyright © ASTM Internation
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C356–03 Designation: C356 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal
1
Insulation Subjected to Soaking Heat
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of linear shrinkage and other changes that occur when a preformed
thermal insulating material is exposed to soaking heat. This test method is limited to preformed high-temperature insulation that
is applicable to hot-side temperatures in excess of 200°F (93°C), with the exception of insulating fire brick which is covered by
Test Method C210.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C210 Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology C168 shall apply to the terms used in this test method.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Linear shrinkage, as used in this test method, refers to the change in linear dimensions that has occurred in test specimens
after they have been subjected to soaking heat for a period of 24 h and then cooled to room temperature.
4.2 Most insulating materials will begin to shrink at some definite temperature. Usually the amount of shrinkage increases as
the temperature of exposure becomes higher. Eventually a temperature will be reached at which the shrinkage becomes excessive.
With excessive shrinkage, the insulating material has definitely exceeded its useful temperature limit. When an insulating material
isappliedtoahotsurface,theshrinkagewillbegreatestonthehotface.Thedifferentialshrinkagewhichresultsbetweenthehotter
andthecoolersurfacesoftenintroducesstrainsandmaycausetheinsulationtowarp.Highshrinkagemaycauseexcessivewarpage
and thereby may induce cracking, both of which are undesirable. High shrinkage may also open gaps at the insulation joints to
an excessive extent rendering the application less efficient and more hazardous. In order to predict the limit of permissible
shrinkage in service, the degree of linear shrinkage to be tolerated by specimens of an insulating material when subjected to
soaking heat must be determined from experience.
4.3 It is recognized that a fixed relation between linear shrinkage under soaking heat and actual shrinkage in service cannot be
established for different types of insulating materials. Generally the amount of shrinkage increases with time of exposure. The
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C356–87(1997). DOI:
10.1520/C0356-03.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C356 –03. DOI:
10.1520/C0356-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C356 – 10
amount and rate of increase varies from one material to an
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