ASTM F660-83(2013)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Comparing Particle Size in the Use of Alternative Types of Particle Counters
Standard Practice for Comparing Particle Size in the Use of Alternative Types of Particle Counters
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice supports test methods designed to evaluate the performance of fluid-filter media, for example, Practice F796 wherein particle size distributions are addressed and at the same time this practice provides a means to compare size measurements obtained from several different types of instruments.
4.2 The factor for converting one kind of diameter scale to another is only valid for the specific test particles studied.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for comparing the sizes of nonspherical particles in a test sample determined with different types of automatic particle counters, which operate on different measuring principles.
1.2 A scale factor is obtained by which, in the examination of a given powder, the size scale of one instrument may be multiplied to agree with the size scale of another.
1.3 The practice considers rigid particles, free of fibers, of the kind used in studies of filtration, such as: commercially available test standards of quartz or alumina, or fly ash, or some powdered chemical reagent, such as iron oxide or calcium sulfate.
1.4 Three kinds of automatic particle counters are considered:
1.4.1 Image analyzers, which view stationary particles under the microscope and, in this practice, measure the longest end-to-end distance of an individual particle.
1.4.2 Optical counters, which measure the area of a shadow cast by a particle as it passes by a window; and
1.4.3 Electrical resistance counters, which measure the volume of a particle as it passes through an orifice in an electrically conductive liquid.
1.5 This practice also considers the use of instruments that provide sedimentation analyses, which is to say provide measures of the particle mass distribution as a function of Stokes diameter. The practice provides a way to convert mass distribution into number distribution so that the meaning of Stokes diameter can be related to the diameter measured by the instruments in 1.4.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F660 − 83 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practice for
Comparing Particle Size in the Use of Alternative Types of
Particle Counters
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF660;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for comparing the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
sizes of nonspherical particles in a test sample determined with F661 Practice for Particle Count and Size Distribution Mea-
different types of automatic particle counters, which operate on surement in Batch Samples for Filter Evaluation Using an
different measuring principles. Optical Particle Counter (Withdrawn 2000)
F662 Test Method for Measurement of Particle Count and
1.2 A scale factor is obtained by which, in the examination
Size Distribution in Batch Samples for Filter Evaluation
of a given powder, the size scale of one instrument may be
Using an Electrical Resistance Particle Counter (With-
multiplied to agree with the size scale of another.
drawn 2002)
1.3 The practice considers rigid particles, free of fibers, of
F796 Practice for Determining The Performance of a Filter
the kind used in studies of filtration, such as: commercially
Medium Employing a Single-Pass, Constant-Pressure,
available test standards of quartz or alumina, or fly ash, or
Liquid Test (Withdrawn 2002)
some powdered chemical reagent, such as iron oxide or
3. Summary of Practice
calcium sulfate.
1.4 Three kinds of automatic particle counters are consid- 3.1 After calibrating an automatic particle counter with
standard spherical particles, such as latex beads, the instrument
ered:
1.4.1 Image analyzers, which view stationary particles un- is presented with a known weight of filtration-test particles
from which is obtained the data: cumulative number of
der the microscope and, in this practice, measure the longest
end-to-end distance of an individual particle. particles,∑ N, as a function of particle diameter, d; and a plot
of these data is made on log-log paper.
1.4.2 Optical counters, which measure the area of a shadow
cast by a particle as it passes by a window; and
3.2 The plot from the results of one kind of instrument is
1.4.3 Electrical resistance counters, which measure the vol-
placed over the plot from another and one plot is moved along
ume of a particle as it passes through an orifice in an
the particle-diameter axis until the two separate curves coin-
electrically conductive liquid.
cide. (If the two separate curves cannot be made to coincide,
then this practice cannot be used.)
1.5 This practice also considers the use of instruments that
provide sedimentation analyses, which is to say provide
3.3 The magnitude of the shift from one diameter scale to
measures of the particle mass distribution as a function of
the other provides the scale-conversion factor.
Stokes diameter. The practice provides a way to convert mass
3.4 Any of the three particle counters in 1.4 can provide the
distribution into number distribution so that the meaning of
frame-of-reference measurement of particle diameter.
Stokes diameter can be related to the diameter measured by the
instruments in 1.4. 3.5 An alternative reference is the Stokes diameter, as
mentioned in 1.5.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This practice supports test methods designed to evaluate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the performance of fluid-filter media, for example, Practice
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Open-Channel Flow. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F660 – 83 (2007). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/F0660-83R13. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F660 − 83 (2013)
F796 wherein particle size distributions are addressed and at
the same time this practice provides a means to compare size
measurements obtained from several different types of instru-
ments.
4.2 The factor for converting one kind of diameter scale to
another is only valid for the specific test particles studied.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Automatic Particle Counters:
5.1.1 Any, or all, of the three types are employed:
5.1.1.1 The Image Analyzer—This instrument counts par-
ticlesbysizeasthoseparticleslieonamicroscopeslide.Inthis
practice, size means the longest end-to-end distance. This
diameter, in the examples to follow, is designated d .
e
5.1.1.2 The Optical Counter—This instrument measures the
area of a shadow cast by a particle as it passes a window. From
thatareatheinstrumentreportsthediameterofacircleofequal
area. This diameter is designated d . See Practice F661.
o
5.1.1.3 The Electrical Resistance Counter—This instrument
measures the volume of an individual particle. From that
volumetheinstrumentreportsthediameterofasphereofequal
volume. This diameter is designated d . See Method F662.
v
5.2 Sedimentation Instruments—These instruments provide
^N = cumulative number of particles per unit mass
a measure of the mass distribution of particles (as opposed to
of powder
the number distributions determined in 5.1). This diameter, the
d = particle diameter (see 5.1)
Stokes diameter, is designated d .
s
The solid line represents the “real” count. The broken lines represent failures to
obtain correct counts because of either presenting too many particles to the
6. Procedure
counter, a, or of presenting too few, b.
FIG. 1 Example of Particle Counts
6.1 Calibrate each particle counter with standard, spherical
particles, following the instructions of the manufacturer of the
counter.
6.2 Presentaknownmassofparticlestothecounter.Thatis,
6.7 Now, choose one counter to provide the frame-of-
with the image analyzer present a known mass of particles to
reference measure of diameter. Relate other diameter scales to
a field of view; and, with the other counters present a liquid
that “standard.” For example, if from the present example of
suspension with a known ma
...
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