ASTM D2161-93(1999)e2

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the conversion tables and equations for converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) at any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 122 and 210°F to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same temperatures. Kinematic viscosity values are based on water being 1.0038 mm2/s (cSt) at 68°F (20°C).
Note 1-A fundamental and preferred method for measuring kinematic viscosity is by use of kinematic viscometers as outlined in Test Method D445, It is recommended that kinematic viscosity be reported in centistokes, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). Thus this method is being retained for the purpose of calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data which appear in past literature. One centistokes equals one millimetre squared per second (mm2/s).
1.2 The SI unit of kinematic viscosity, mm2/s, and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit are the standard in this practice.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1998
• ICS: 01.060 - Quantities and units
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2161-04 - Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8046-21 - Standard Guide for Pumpability of Heat Transfer Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4732-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Cool-Application Filling Compounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4731-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Hot-Application Filling Compounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D88/D88M-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e2
Designation:D2161 –93 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Practice for
Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal
Viscosity or to Saybolt FurolViscosity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Tables 1 and 3 were corrected editorially in June 2000.
e NOTE—Table 1 headings and Eqs. 5 and 8 were corrected editorially in August 2000.
1. Scope determination is made. The basic conversion values are those
2 given in Table 1 for 100°F. The Saybolt Universal viscosity
1.1 This practice covers the conversion tables and equa-
equivalent to a given kinematic viscosity at any temperature
tions for converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) at
may be calculated as described in 4.3. Equivalent values at
any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt
210°F are given in Table 1 for convenience.
Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for
3.2 The Saybolt Furol viscosity equivalents are tabulated in
converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 122 and 210°F
Table 3 for temperatures of 122°F and 210°F only.
toSayboltFurolviscosityinSayboltFurolseconds(SFS)atthe
3.3 Examples for using the tables are given inAppenix X1.
same temperatures. Kinematic viscosity values are based on
water being 1.0038 mm /s (cSt) at 68°F (20°C).
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—Afundamentalandpreferredmethodformeasuringkinematic
4.1 At one time the petroleum industry relied on measuring
viscosity is by use of kinematic viscometers as outlined in Test Method
kinematic viscosity by means of the Saybolt viscometer, and
D 445. It is recommended that kinematic viscosity be reported in
expressing kinematic viscosity in units of Saybolt Universal,
centistokes, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol
Seconds (SUS) and Saybolt Furol, Seconds (SFS). This prac-
Seconds (SFS). Thus this method is being retained for the purpose of
tice is now obsolete in the petroleum industry.
calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data which appear
in past literature. One centistokes equals one millimetre squared per
4.2 This practice establishes the official equations relating
second (mm /s).
SUS and SFS to the SI kinematic viscosity units, mm /s.
4.3 This practice allows for the conversion between SUS
1.2 The SI unit of kinematic viscosity, mm /s, and tempera-
and SFS units and SI units of kinematic viscosity.
ture in degrees Fahrenheit are the standard in this practice.
5. Procedure for Conversion to Saybolt Universal
2. Referenced Documents
Viscosity
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Convert kinematic viscosities between 1.81 and 500
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
2 2
mm /s(cSt)at100°F,andbetween1.77and139.8mm /s(cSt)
and Opague Liquids
at210°F,toequivalentSayboltUniversalsecondsdirectlyfrom
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Ki-
Table 1 (see Appendix X1, Example 1).
nematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
NOTE 2—Obtain viscosities not listed, but which are within the range
3. Summary of Practice
given in Table 1, by linear interpolation (see Appendix X1, Example 2).
3.1 The Saybolt Universal viscosity equivalent to a given
5.2 Convert kinematic viscosities greater than the upper
kinematic viscosity varies with the temperature at which the
limits of Table 1 at temperatures of 100 and 210°F to Saybolt
Universal viscosities as follows (see Appendix X1, Example
3):
This practice is under the jurisdication ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Saybolt Universal seconds 5 centistokes 3 B (1)
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved March 15, 1993. Published July 1993. Originally where B = 4.632 at 100°F = 4.664 at 210°F.
published as D 2161 – 63, replacing former D 446 and D 666. Last previous edition
D 2161 – 87.
This practice, together with Practice D 2270, replaces Compilation of ASTM
Viscosity Tables for Kinematic Viscosity Conversions.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2161
5.3 At temperatures other than 100 or 210°F, convert equations are given as follows for the convenience of those
kinematic viscosities to Saybolt Universal viscosities as fol- who wish to use a computer for conversion rather than refer to
lows (see Appendix X1, Example 4): the tables:
U 5 U ~1 1 0.000061~t 2 100!! (2) 1.0 1 0.03264v
t 100°F
U 5 4.6324n1
100°F
2 3 –5
3930.2 1 262.7n1 23.97n 1 1.646n ! 3 10
~
where:
(5)
U = Saybolt Universal viscosity at t°F, and
t
U 5 @1.0 1 0.000061~t 2 100!#
t
U = Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100°F in Saybolt
100°F
1.0 1 0.03264n
Universal seconds equivalent to kinematic vis-
· 4.6324n1
F 2 3 –5G
~3930.2 1 262.7n1 23.97n 1 1.646n ! 3 10
cosity in centistokes at t°F, from Table 1.
(6)
NOTE 3—The multipliers for Saybolt Universal seconds in Eq 2 are
given as Factor A in Table 2 for a range of temperatures. F 5 0.4717n1 (7)
122°F 2
F G
~n 2 72.59n1 6816!
5.4 Since the relationship between Saybolt and kinematic
viscositiesislinearabove75mm /s(cSt),kinematicviscosities F 5 0.4792n1 (8)
210°F F 2 G
~v 1 2130!
above this limit may be converted to Saybolt Universal
viscosities at any temperature between 0 and 350°F by use of
where:
Eq 1 (4.2), selecting the proper factor for B from Table 2 (see
n = kinematic viscosity, mm /s (cSt) at t°F,
Appendix X1, Example 5).
F = Saybolt Furol viscosity at 122°F in Saybolt Furol
122°F
seconds equivalent to kinematic viscosity, mm /s
6. Procedure for Conversion to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
(cSt) at 122°F, and
6.1 Convert kinematic viscosities between 48 to 1300
F = Saybolt Furol viscosity at 210°F in Saybolt Furol
210°F
2 2
mm /s (cSt) at 122°F, and between 50 and 1300 mm /s (cSt) at secondsequivalenttokinematicviscosity,mm /s
210°F, to equivalent Saybolt Furol seconds directly from Table
(cSt) at 210°F.
3 (see Appendix X1, Examples 6 and 7).
7.2 (Eq 5) and (Eq 6) and Table 1 are limited to values of
Saybolt Universal of 32.0 s and above.
NOTE 4—Viscosities not listed, but which are within the range given in
7.3 (Eq 7) and (Eq 8) and Table 3 are limited to values of
Table 3, may be obtained by linear interpolation (see Appendix X1,
Saybolt Furol of 25.1 s and above.
Example 8).
6.2 Convert kinematic viscosities above 1300 cSt to equiva-
8. Supplementary Conversion Equivalents
lent Saybolt Furol seconds by use of the following equations
8.1 The following units and equivalents are frequently used
(see Appendix X1, Example 9):
in connection with viscosity conversions:
Saybolt Furol seconds at 122°F
poise = cgs unit of absolute viscosity.
5 0.4717 3 mm /s ~cSt! at 122°F (3) centipoise = 0.01 poise.
stokes = cgs unit of kinematic viscosity.
Saybolt Furol seconds at 210°F
centistokes = 0.01 stokes.
5 0.4792 3 mm /s ~cSt! at 210°F (4) centipoise = centistokes 3 density (at temperature under consider-
ation).
7. Procedure for Computer Calculation
9. Report
7.1 Table 1 and Table 3 were computed by fitting a smooth
9.1 Saybolt Universal and Saybolt Furol viscosities should
curve to the original experimental data points. The derived
be reported to the nearest 0.1 s for values below 200 s and to
the nearest whole second for values of 200 s and higher.
“Viscosity Extrapolation Tables to Zero Degrees Fahrenheit (SSU)” are
10. Keywords
available at a nominal cost from ASTM Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
ADJD2161. 10.1 kinematic viscosity; Saybolt furol; Saybolt universal
D2161
TABLE 1 Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity
1.77 to 500.0 mm /s (cSt)
Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt
2 2 2 2
mm /s Universal mm /s Universal mm /s Universal mm /s Universal
(cSt) Viscosity, SUS (cSt) Viscosity, SUS (cSt) Viscosity, SUS (cSt) Viscosity, SUS
At 100°F At 210°F At 100°F At 210°F At 100°F At 210°F At 100°F At 210°F
2.25 33.5 33.7 2.75 35.1 35.4 3.25 36.8 37.0
2.26 33.5 33.7 2.76 35.2 35.4 3.26 36.8 37.0
1.77 . . 32.0 2.27 33.5 33.7 2.77 35.2 35.4 3.27 36.8 37.1
1.78 . . 32.1 2.28 33.6 33.8 2.78 35.2 35.5 3.28 36.9 37.1
1.79 . . 32.1 2.29 33.6 33.8 2.79 35.3 35.5 3.29 36.9 37.1
1.80 . . 32.1 2.30 33.6 33.8 2.80 35.3 35.5 3.30 36.9 37.2
1.81 32.0 32.2 2.31 33.7 33.9 2.81 35.3 35.6 3.31 37.0 37.2
1.82 32.0 32.2 2.32 33.7 33.9 2.81 35.4 35.6 3.32 37.0 37.2
1.83 32.0 32.2 2.33 33.7 33.9 2.83 35.4 35.6 3.33 37.0 37.3
1.84 32.1 32.3 2.34 33.8 34.0 2.84 35.4 35.7 3.34 37.1 37.3
1.85 32.1 32.3 2.35 33.8 34.0 2.85 35.5 35.7 3.35 37.1 37.3
1.86 32.1 32.3 2.36 33.8 34.0 2.86 35.5 35.7 3.36 37.1 37.4
1.87 32.2 32.4 2.37 33.9 34.1 2.87 35.5 35.8 3.37 37.2 37.4
1.88 32.2 32.4 2.38 33.9 34.1 2.88 35.6 35.8 3.38 37.2 37.4
1.89 32.2 32.4 2.39 33.9 34.2 2.89 35.6 35.8 3.39 37.2 37.5
1.90 32.3 32.5 2.40 34.0 34.2 2.90 35.6 35.9 3.40 37.3 37.5
1.91 32.3 32.5 2.41 34.0 34.2 2.91 35.7 35.9 3.41 37.3 37.5
1.92 32.3 32.5 2.42 34.0 34.3 2.92 35.7 35.9 3.42 37.3 37.6
1.93 32.4 32.6 2.43 34.1 34.3 2.93 35.7 36.0 3.43 37.4 37.6
1.94 32.4 32.6 2.44 34.1 34.3 2.94 35.8 36.0 3.44 37.4 37.6
1.95 32.4 32.6 2.45 34.1 34.4 2.95 35.8 36.0 3.45 37.4 37.7
1.96 32.5 32.7 2.46 34.2 34.4 2.96 35.8 36.1 3.46 37.5 37.7
1.97 32.5 32.7 2.47 34.2 34.4 2.97 35.9 36.1 3.47 37.5 37.7
1.98 32.5 32.8 2.48 34.2 34.5 2.98 35.9 36.1 3.48 37.5 37.8
1.99 32.6 32.8 2.49 34.3 34.5 2.99 35.9 36.2 3.49 37.6 37.8
2.00 32.6 32.8 2.50 34.3 34.5 3.00 36.0 36.2 3.50 37.6 37.8
2.01 32.6 32.9 2.51 34.3 34.6 3.01 36.0 36.2 3.51 37.6 37.9
2.02 32.7 32.9 2.52 34.4 34.6 3.02 36.0 36.3 3.52 37.6 37.9
2.03 32.7 32.9 2.53 34.4 34.6 3.03 36.0 36.3 3.53 37.7 37.9
2.04 32.7 33.0 2.54 34.4 34.7 3.04 36.1 36.3 3.54 37.7 38.0
2.05 32.8 33.0 2.55 34.5 34.7 3.05 36.1 36.4 3.55 37.7 38.0
2.06 32.8 33.0 2.56 34.5 34.7 3.06 36.1 36.4 3.56 37.8 38.0
2.07 32.8 33.1 2.57 34.5 34.8 3.07 36.2 36.4 3.57 37.8 38.1
2.08 32.9 33.1 2.58 34.6 34.8 3.08 36.2 36.5 3.58 37.8 38.1
2.09 32.9 33.1 2.59 34.6 34.8 3.09 36.2 36.5 3.59 37.9 38.1
2.10 32.9 33.2 2.60 34.6 34.9 3.10 36.3 36.5 3.60 37.9 38.2
2.11 33.0 33.2 2.61 34.7 34.9 3.11 36.3 36.6 3.61 37.9 38.2
2.12 33.0 33.2 2.62 34.7 34.9 3.12 36.3 36.6 3.62 38.0 38.2
2.13 33.0 33.3 2.63 34.7 35.0 3.13 36.4 36.6 3.63 38.0 38.3
2.14 33.1 33.3 2.64 34.8 35.0 3.14 36.4 36.7 3.64 38.0 38.3
2.15 33.1 33.3 2.65 34.8 35.0 3.15 36.4 36.7 3.65 38.1 38.3
2.16 33.1 33.4 2.66 34.8 35.1 3.16 36.5 36.7 3.66 38.1 38.4
2.17 33.2 33.4 2.67 34.9 35.1 3.17 36.5 36.8 3.67 38.1 38.4
2.18 33.2 33.4 2.68 34.9 35.1 3.18 36.5 36.8 3.68 38.2 38.4
2.19 33.2 33.5 2.69 34.9 35.2 3.19 36.6 36.8 3.69 38.2 38.5
2.20 33.3 33.5 2.70 35.0 35.2 3.20 36.6 36.9 3.70 38.2 38.5
2.21 33.3 33.5 2.71 35.0 35.2 3.21 36.6 36.9 3.71 38.3 38.5
2.22 33.3 33.6 2.72 35.0 35.3 3.22 36.7 36.9 3.72 38.3 38.6
2.23 33.4 33.6 2.73 35.1 35.3 3.23 36.7 37.0 3.73 38.3 38.6
2.24 33.4 33.6 2.74 35.1 35.3 3.24 36.7 37.0 3.74 38.4 38.6
D2161
TABLE 1 Continued
Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt Kin Vis, Equivalent Saybolt
2 2 2 2
mm /s Universal mm /s Universal mm /s Universal mm /s Universal
(cSt) Viscosity, SUS (cSt) Viscosity, SUS (cSt) Viscosity, SUS (cSt) Viscosity, SUS
At 100°F At 210°F At 100°F At 210°F At 100°F At 210°F At 100°F At 210°F
3.75 38.4 38.7 4.25 40.0 40.3 4.75 41.6 41.9 5.25 43.2 43.5
3.76 38.4 38.7 4.26 40.0 40.3 4.76 41.6 41.9 5.26 43.2 43.5
3.77 38.5 38.7 4.27 40.1 40.3 4.77 41.7 41.9 5.27 43.3 43.5
3.78 38.5 38.7 4.28 40.1 40.4 4.78 41.7 42.0 5.28 43.3 43.6
3.79 38.5 38.8 4.29 40.1 40.4 4.79 41.7 42.0 5.29 43.3 43.6
3.80 38.6 38.8 4.30 40.2 40.4 4.80 41.8 42.0 5.30 43.3 43.6
3.81 38.6 38.8 4.31 40.2 40.5 4.81 41.8 42.1 5.31 43.4 43.7
3.82 38.6 38.9 4.32 40.2 40.5 4.82 41.8 42.1 5.32 43.4 43.7
3.83 38.7 38.9 4.33 40.3 40.5 4.83 41.9 42.1 5.33 43.4 43.7
3.84 38.7 38.9 4.34 40.3 40.6 4.84 41.9 42.2 5.34 43.5 43.8
3.85 38.7 39.0 4.35 40.3 40.6 4.85 41.9 42.2 5.35 43.5 43.8
3.86 38.7 39.0 4.36 40.4 40.6 4.86 41.9 42.2 5.36 43.5 43.8
3.87 38.8 39.0 4.37 40.4 40.7 4.87 42.0 42.3 5.37 43.6 43.9
3.88 38.8 39.1 4.38 40.4 40.7 4.88 42.0 42.3 5.38 43.6 43.9
3.89 38.8 39.1 4.39 40.4 40.7 4.89 42.0 42.3 5.39 43.6 43.9
3.90 38.9 39.1 4.40 40.5 40.8 4.90 42.1 42.4 5.40 43.7 44.0
3.91 38.9 39.2 4.41 40.5 40.8 4.91 42.1 42.4 5.41 43.7 44.0
3.92 38.9 39.2 4.42 40.5 40.8 4.92 42.1 42.4 5.42 43.7 44.0
3.93 39.0 39.2 4.43 40.6 40.8 4.93 42.2 42.5 5.43 43.8 44.1
3.94 39.0 39.3 4.44 40.6 40.9 4.94 42.2 42.5 5.44 43.8 44.1
3.95 39.0 39.3 4.45 40.6 40.9 4.95 42.2 42.5 5.45 43.8 44.1
3.96 39.1 39.3 4.46 40.7 40.9 4.96 42.3 42.5 5.46 43.9 44.2
3.97 39.1 39.4 4.47 40.7 41.0 4.97 42.3 42.6 5.47 43.9 44.2
3.98 39.1 39.4 4.48 40.7 41.0 4.98 42.3 42.6 5.48 43.9 44.2
3.99 39.2 39.4 4.49 40.8 41.0 4.99 42.4 42.6 5.49 44.0 44.2
4.00 39.2 39.5 4.50 40.8 41.1 5.00 42.4 42.7 5.50 44.0 44.3
4.01 39.2 39.5 4.51 40.8 41.1 5.01 42.4 42.7 5.51 44.0 44.3
4.02 39.3 39.5 4.52 40.9 41.1 5.02 42.5 42.7 5.52 44.0 44.3
4.03 39.3 39.6 4.53 40.9 41.2 5.03 42.5 42.8 5.53 44.1 44.4
4.04 39.3 39.6 4.54 40.9 41.2 5.04 42.5 42.8 5.54 44.1 44.4
4.05 39.4 39.6 4.55 41.0 41.2 5.05 42.6 42.8 5.55 44.1 44.4
4.06 39.4 39.7 4.56 41.0 41.3 5.06 42.6 42.9 5.56 44.2 44.5
4.07 39.4 39.7 4.57 41.0 41.3 5.07 42.6 42.9 5.57 44.2 44.5
4.08 39.5 39.7 4.58 41.1 41.3 5.08 42.6 42.9 5.58 44.2 44.5
4.09 39.5 39.8 4.59 41.1 41.4 5.09 42.7 43.0 5.59 44.3 44.6
4.10 39.5 39.8 4.60 41.1 41.4 5.10 42.7 43.0 5.60 44.3 44.6
4.11 39.6 39.8 4.61 41.2 41.4 5.11 42.7 43.0 5.61 44.3 44.6
4.12 39.6 39.8 4.62 41.2 41.5 5.12 42.8 43.1 5.62 44.4 44.7
4.13 39.6 39.9 4.63 41.2 41.5 5.13 42.8 43.1 5.63 44.4 44.7
4.14 39.6 39.9 4.64 41.2 41.5 5.14 42.8 43.1 5.64 44.4 44.7
4.15 39.7 39.9 4.65 41.3 41.6 5.15 42.9 43.2 5.65 44.5 44.8
4.16 39.7 40.0 4.66 41.3 41.6 5.16 42.9 43.2 5.66 44.5 44.8
4.17 39.7 40.0 4.67 41.3 41.6 5.17 42.9 43.2 5.67 44.5 44.8
4.18 39.8 40.0 4.68 41.4 41.7 5.18 43.0 43.3 5.68 44.6 44.9
4.19 39.8 40.1 4.69 41.4 41.7 5.19 43.0 43.3 5.69 44.6 44.9
4.20 39.8 40.1 4.70 41.4 41.7 5.20 43.0 43.3 5.70 44.6 44.9
4.21 39.9 40.1 4.71 41.5 41.7 5.21 43.1 43.3 5.71 44.7 45.0
4.22 39.9 40.2 4.72 41.5 41.8 5.22 43.1 43.4 5.72 44.7 45.0
4.23 39.9 40.2 4.73 41.5 41.8 5.23 43.1 43.4 5.73 44.
...