ASTM C1747/C1747M-11

Standard Test Method for Determining Potential Resistance to Degradation of Pervious Concrete by Impact and Abrasion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a procedure for evaluating the potential resistance to degradation by impact and abrasion of pervious concrete mixtures. A common failure mode of pervious concrete pavements is raveling. This test allows the comparison of the relative potential resistance to raveling of pervious concrete mixtures of varying proportions and raw materials. In addition, in the field, raveling is caused by improper paste consistency, workability loss, inadequate compaction, and improper curingthis test method does not address any of these causes. There is no known correlation between this test method and the field performance of pervious concrete.
This information may be used to compare proposed mixture proportions, yet to be placed, but is not intended to be used for mixture qualification or jobsite acceptance testing.
This test method is applicable to pervious concrete mixtures containing coarse aggregate with a nominal maximum size of 25 mm [1 in.] or smaller.
This test method is only applicable to cylindrical specimens cast as described herein. The precision and bias have not been evaluated for drilled cores.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the potential resistance to degradation of pervious concrete by measuring the mass loss of specimens subjected to combined action of impact and abrasion in a rotating steel drum.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged use. )

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2011
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.49 - Pervious Concrete

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1747/C1747M − 11
StandardTest Method for
Determining Potential Resistance to Degradation of
Pervious Concrete by Impact and Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1747/C1747M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
1.1 This test method covers determining the potential resis-
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
tance to degradation of pervious concrete by measuring the
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
mass loss of specimens subjected to combined action of impact
Specimens in the Laboratory
and abrasion in a rotating steel drum.
C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Test Cylinders Vertically
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
C1688/C1688M Test Method for Density and Void Content
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete
formance with the standard.
D6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Specimens
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and Using Marshall Apparatus
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes
and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be consid- Sieves
ered as requirements of this test method.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to Terminology C125.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
3.2.1 design density, n—the mass of a unit volume of
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged use. )
pervious concrete based on the theoretical mixture proportions
and void content and where the unit volume includes the
2. Referenced Documents
volume of the solids and the voids.
3.2.2 raveling, n—the wearing away of a pavement surface
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- due to dislodgement of aggregate particles.
gregates
4. Summary of Test Method
C131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-
Size CoarseAggregate byAbrasion and Impact in the Los 4.1 This test method consists of casting cylindrical speci-
Angeles Machine
mens of pervious concrete at the design density, then subject-
ing the cured specimens to a combination of actions including
impact, abrasion or attrition, and grinding in a rotating steel
drum. The potential resistance to degradation by impact and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee abrasion is expressed as the percentage mass loss after 500
C09.49 on Pervious Concrete.
revolutions of the steel drum. Higher potential resistance to
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published February 2012. DOI:
degradation by impact and abrasion is associated with lower
10.1520/C1747_C1747M-11.
2 mass loss.
See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual ofAggregate and Concrete Testing,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 This test method provides a procedure for evaluating the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. potential resistance to degradation by impact and abrasion of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1747/C1747M − 11
pervious concrete mixtures. A common failure mode of pervi- 7.2.1 Start molding the specimens within 5 min after ob-
ous concrete pavements is raveling. This test allows the taining the sample.
comparison of the relative potential resistance to raveling of
7.3 Density—Determine and record the density of the fresh
pervious concrete mixtures of varying proportions and raw
pervious concrete in accordance with Test Method C1688/
materials. In addition, in the field, raveling is caused by
C1688M.
improper paste consistency, workability loss, inadequate
compaction, and improper curing—this test method does not
8. Test Sample Preparation
address any of these causes. There is no known correlation
8.1 Place of Molding—Mold specimens promptly on a
between this test method and the field performance of pervious
level, rigid surface, free of vibration and other disturbances, at
concrete.
a place as near as practicable to the location where they are to
5.1.1 This information may be used to compare proposed
be stored.
mixture proportions, yet to be placed, but is not intended to be
used for mixture qualification or jobsite acceptance testing. 8.2 Specimen Preparation—Calculate to the nearest 1 g
5.1.2 This test method is applicable to pervious concrete [0.001 lb] the mass of pervious concrete required to fill the
mixtures containing coarse aggregate with a nominal maxi- mold to a height of 100 mm [4 in.] at the design density (See
mum size of 25 mm [1 in.] or smaller.
Note 2). Place the balance on a flat, level surface free from
5.1.3 This test method is only applicable to cylindrical vibration. Place the cylinder mold on the balance and tare the
specimens cast as described herein. The precision and bias
mass of the empty mold. Place fresh concrete in the mold in as
have not been evaluated for drilled cores. few scoops as practicable.Adjust concrete mass to within 6 5g
[60.01lb]ofthecalculatedfreshmassusingascooporspoon.
6. Apparatus Move the cylinders to the place of molding. Drop the mold
from a height of 25 6 12 mm [1 6 0.5 in.] ten times onto the
6.1 Balance—A balance or scale accurate to 1 g [0.002 lb]
level, rigid surface. Use the Marshall hammer to consolidate
at any point and capable of weighing up to 2.5 kg [5 lb].
the first specimen to a specified height of 100 62mm[4 6 ⁄16
6.2 Marshall Hammer—A device used to compact the
in.]. For a stiff mixture, drop the hammer mass from the full
pervious concrete specimen that shall conform to the require-
height for each blow while holding the axis of the compaction
ments for a manual compaction hammer in Practice D6926.
hammer as nearly perpendicular as possible to the base of the
cylinder mold. For a highly workable mixture, use one-half to
6.3 Cylinder Molds—Molds for casting concrete test speci-
mens shall be plastic and conform to the requirements of one-third of the full drop height as is applicable. Use the
measuring device to determine the height of the compacted
Specification C470/C470M. Cylinder molds shall be 100 mm
[4 in.] in diameter and 200 mm [8 in.] tall. specimen after each blow. Provide additional hammer blows as
needed to achieve the specified height. If a specimen is
6.4 Meas
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