ASTM D6167-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical Caliper
Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical Caliper
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of caliper logs. This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.
The benefits of its use include the following: improving selection of caliper logging methods and equipment, caliper log quality and reliability, and usefulness of the caliper log data for subsequent display and interpretation.
This guide applies to commonly used caliper logging methods for geotechnical applications.
It is essential that personnel (see the Personnel section of Guide D5753) consult up-to-date textbooks and reports on the caliper technique, application, and interpretation methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to conduct caliper logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and environmental (hereafter referred as geotechnical) investigations. Caliper logging for mineral or petroleum exploration and development are excluded.
1.1.1 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 This guide defines a caliper log as a record of borehole diameter with depth.
1.2.1 Caliper logs are essential in the interpretation of geophysical logs since they can be significantly affected by borehole diameter.
1.2.2 Caliper logs are commonly used to measure borehole diameter, shape, roughness, and stability; calculate borehole volume; provide information on borehole construction; and delineate lithologic contacts, fractures, and solution cavities and other openings.
1.2.2.1 Borehole-diameter information is essential for calculation of volumetric rate from flowmeter logs.
1.2.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole completion and testing.
1.2.2.3 Caliper logs are used to locate the optimum placement of inflatable packers for borehole testing. Inflatable packers can only form an effective seal within a specified range of borehole diameters, and can be damaged if they are set in rough or irregular parts of the borehole.
1.2.2.4 Caliper logs are used to estimate the volume of borehole completion material (cement, gravel, etc.) needed to fill the annular space between borehole and casing(s) or well screen.
1.2.2.5 Caliper logs may be applied to correlate lithology between boreholes based upon enlargements related to lithology. The measured borehole diameter may be significantly different than the drilled diameter because of plastic formations extruded into the borehole and friable formations enlarging the borehole. A series of caliper logs may also show increases or decreases in borehole diameter with time.
1.3 This guide is restricted to mechanically based devices with spring-loaded arms, which are the most common calipers used in caliper logging with geotechnical applications.
1.4 This guide provides an overview of caliper logging, including general procedures, specific documentation, calibration and standardization, and log quality and interpretation.
1.5 To obtain additional information on caliper logs see Section 9 of this guide.
1.6 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.
1.7 This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for caliper logging and does not replace pr...
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Designation: D6167 − 11
Standard Guide for
Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical
1
Caliper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* packerscanonlyformaneffectivesealwithinaspecifiedrange
of borehole diameters, and can be damaged if they are set in
1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to
rough or irregular parts of the borehole.
conduct caliper logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes,
1.2.2.4 Caliper logs are used to estimate the volume of
caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred as boreholes) as com-
borehole completion material (cement, gravel, etc.) needed to
monly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and
fill the annular space between borehole and casing(s) or well
environmental (hereafter referred as geotechnical) investiga-
screen.
tions. Caliper logging for mineral or petroleum exploration and
1.2.2.5 Caliper logs may be applied to correlate lithology
development are excluded.
between boreholes based upon enlargements related to lithol-
1.1.1 This guide offers an organized collection of informa-
ogy. The measured borehole diameter may be significantly
tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
differentthanthedrilleddiameterbecauseofplasticformations
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
extruded into the borehole and friable formations enlarging the
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
borehole. A series of caliper logs may also show increases or
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
decreases in borehole diameter with time.
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of 1.3 This guide is restricted to mechanically based devices
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
with spring-loaded arms, which are the most common calipers
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many used in caliper logging with geotechnical applications.
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
1.4 This guide provides an overview of caliper logging,
document means only that the document has been approved
including general procedures, specific documentation, calibra-
through the ASTM consensus process.
tion and standardization, and log quality and interpretation.
1.2 This guide defines a caliper log as a record of borehole
1.5 To obtain additional information on caliper logs see
diameter with depth.
Section 9 of this guide.
1.2.1 Caliper logs are essential in the interpretation of
1.6 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide
geophysical logs since they can be significantly affected by
D5753.
borehole diameter.
1.2.2 Caliper logs are commonly used to measure borehole
1.7 This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for
diameter, shape, roughness, and stability; calculate borehole
caliper logging and does not replace professional judgment.
volume; provide information on borehole construction; and
Caliper logging procedures should be adapted to meet the
delineate lithologic contacts, fractures, and solution cavities
needs of a range of applications and stated in general terms so
and other openings.
that flexibility or innovation is not suppressed.
1.2.2.1 Borehole-diameter information is essential for cal-
1.8 The geotechnical industry uses English or SI units. The
culation of volumetric rate from flowmeter logs.
caliper log is typically recorded in units of inches, millimetres,
1.2.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole
or centimetres.
completion and testing.
1.2.2.3 Caliper logs are used to locate the optimum place- 1.9 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety
and liability problems (for example, lost or lodged probes and
ment of inflatable packers for borehole testing. Inflatable
equipment decontamination) associated with its use.
1
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Characterization.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approvedin1997.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1997asD6167-97(2004).DOI:
10.1520/D6167-11. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
*A
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6167–97 (Reapproved 2004) Designation:D6167–11
Standard Guide for
Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical
1
Caliper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to conduct caliper logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons,
or shafts (hereafter referred as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, ground-water, and environmental
(hereafter referred as geotechnical) investigations. Caliper logging for mineral or petroleum exploration and development are
excluded.
1.1.1 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 This guide defines a caliper log as a record of borehole diameter with depth.
1.2.1 Caliper logs are essential in the interpretation of geophysical logs since they can be significantly affected by borehole
diameter.
1.2.2 Caliperlogsarecommonlyusedtomeasureboreholediameter,shape,roughness,andstability;calculateboreholevolume;
provideinformationonboreholeconstruction;anddelineatelithologiccontacts,fractures,andsolutioncavitiesandotheropenings.
1.2.2.1 Borehole-diameter information is essential for calculation of volumetric rate from flowmeter logs.
1.2.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole completion and testing.
1.2.2.3 Caliper logs are used to locate the optimum placement of inflatable packers for borehole testing. Inflatable packers can
only form an effective seal within a specified range of borehole diameters, and can be damaged if they are set in rough or irregular
parts of the borehole.
1.2.2.4 Caliper logs are used to estimate the volume of borehole completion material (cement, gravel, etc.) needed to fill the
annular space between borehole and casing(s) or well screen.
1.2.2.5 Caliper logs may be applied to correlate lithology between boreholes based upon enlargements related to lithology. The
measured borehole diameter may be significantly different than the drilled diameter because of plastic formations extruded into the
borehole and friable formations enlarging the borehole.Aseries of caliper logs may also show increases or decreases in borehole
diameter with time.
1.3 This guide is restricted to mechanically based devices with spring-loaded arms, which are the most common calipers used
in caliper logging with geotechnical applications.
1.4 This guide provides an overview of caliper logging, including general procedures, specific documentation, calibration and
standardization, and log quality and interpretation.
1.5 To obtain additional information on caliper logs see Section 9 of this guide.
1.6 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.
1.7 This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for caliper logging and does not replace professional judgement. Caliper
logging procedures should be adapted to meet the needs of a range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility
or innovation is not suppressed.
1.8 The geotechnical industry uses English or SI units. The caliper log is typically recorded in units of inches, millimetres, or
centimetres.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
Characterization.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D6167-97 . DOI:
10.1520/D6167-97R04.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D6167-97(2004). DOI:
10.1520/D6167-11.
...
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