ASTM D2595-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D 972, which is limited to 149°C (300°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2595 – 96 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-
1
Temperature Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thickeners can be fibers (such as vari-
ous metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evapora-
non-soap thickeners), which are insoluble or, at most, only very
tion loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to
ments are that the solid particles are extremely small, uni-
augment Test Method D 972, which is limited to 149°C
formly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable,
(300°F).
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D 217
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A weighed sample of grease in an evaporation cell is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
placed in a heating device maintained at the desired test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature. Heated air is passed over the grease surface for 22
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6 0.1 h. The loss in weight of the sample due to evaporation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is determined.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 240 Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and 5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can
adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
2
for Pressure Vessels lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in
evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also
D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
3
Grease be considered contaminants in the environment in which the
lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this
D 972 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
3
Greases and Oils test method and service performance has not been established.
4
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers 5.2 The test method can be used at any specified tempera-
ture between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F) that may be
3. Terminology
agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—see Note
3.1 Definitions: 1)
3.1.1 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
NOTE 1—Warning: This test method should not be used at tempera-
a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
tures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
NOTE 2—The specified flow of air, 2.58 6 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that
the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew
commonly included to impart special properties. D 217
point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be
3.1.2 thickener, n—a substance composed of finely-divided
satisfactory.
particles dispersed in a liquid to form the product’s structure.
5
6. Apparatus
1 6.1 Evaporation Cell Assembly (Fig. 1) consisting of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee following items:
D02.0G on Lubricating Grease.
Current edition approved June 10, 1996. Published August 1996. Originally
published as D 2595 – 67. Last previous edition D 2595 – 90.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. A suitable apparatus is available from Koehler Instrument Co., 1595 Sycamore
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Ave., Bohemia, L.I., NY 11716 and Stanhope Seta, Ltd., Park Close, Englefield
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. Green, Egham, Surrey TW20 OXD, England.
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D 2595
FIG. 1 Thermoc
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