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ASTM D5188-04a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)

Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
Automotive fuel specifications generally include T (V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T (V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T (V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 to 1C (32 to 34F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated chamber of fixed volume. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 and 80C (97 and 176F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1-When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D 2533.
Note 2-This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1C. If a haze is observed in , it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 0).
1.3 The values stated in SI unites are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only
1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see and .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5188-04 - Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5188-09 - Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004

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ASTM D5188-04a - Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)ASTM D5188-04a - Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
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ASTM D5188-04a - Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D5188–04a
Standard Test Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D 2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-
Ignition Engine Fuels
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
perature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 to 1°C (32 to
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
34°F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated
Petroleum Products
chamber of fixed volume. This test method is applicable to
samples for which the determined temperature is between 36
3. Terminology
and 80°C (97 and 176°F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
3.1.1 T , n—the equilibrium temperature at which
(V/L = 20)
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to
the partial pressure of a sample under test conditions is equal
be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D 2533.
to 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other
3.1.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—the ratio at a specified
than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
temperatureandpressureofthevolumeofvaporinequilibrium
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and
with liquid to the volume of sample charged, as a liquid, at 0°C
gasoline-oxygenate blends.
(32°F).
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze
when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 11.5, it shall 4. Summary of Test Method
be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is
statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see
introduced into an evacuated, thermostatically controlled test
Note 9).
chamberofknownvolume.Thesamplevolumeiscalculatedto
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
give the desired vapor-liquid ratio for the chamber volume in
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
use. After injection, the chamber temperature is adjusted until
only.
a stable chamber pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
achieved.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include T
(V/
L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility perfor-
2. Referenced Documents
mance.Forhighambienttemperatures,afuelwithahighvalue
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of T ,indicatingafuelwithalowtendencytovaporize,
(V/L = 20)
is generally specified; conversely for low ambient tempera-
tures, a fuel with a low value of T is specified.
(V/L = 20)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6. Apparatus
D02.08 on Volatility.
6.1 Apparatus suitable for use shall employ a small volume
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 5188–04.
test chamber incorporating a transducer for pressure measure-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ments and associated equipment for thermostatically control-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ling the chamber temperature, evacuating the test chamber
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. prior to sample introduction, and cleaning and purging the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5188–04a
3
chamber following the test. Critical elements of the apparatus on Analyti
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
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Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
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Annex A9  
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5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off