ASTM D4737-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation is useful for estimating ASTM cetane number when a test engine is not available for determining this property directly and when cetane improver is not used. It may be conveniently employed for estimating cetane number when the quantity of sample available is too small for an engine rating. In cases where the ASTM cetane number of a fuel has been previously established, the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation is useful as a cetane number check on subsequent batches of that fuel, provided the fuel's source and mode of manufacture remain unchanged.
Note 2: Test Methods D6890 and D7170 may be used to obtain a Derived Cetane Number (DCN) when the quantity of sample is too small for an engine test. These methods do measure the effect of cetane improver.
5.2 Within the range from 32.5 to 56.5 cetane number, the expected error of prediction of Procedure A of the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation will be less than ±2 cetane numbers for 65 % of the distillate fuels evaluated. Errors may be greater for fuels whose properties fall outside the recommended range of application.
SCOPE
1.1 The calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation provides a means for estimating the ASTM cetane number (Test Method D613) of distillate fuels from density and distillation recovery temperature measurements. The value computed from the equation is termed the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation.
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation is not an optional method for expressing ASTM cetane number. It is a supplementary tool for estimating cetane number when a result by Test Method D613 is not available and if cetane improver is not used. As a supplementary tool, the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable equation must be used with due regard for its limitations.
1.3 Procedure A is to be used for Specification D975, Grades No. 1–D S15, No. 1–D S500, No. 1–D S5000, No. 2–D S15, No. 2–D S5000, and No. 4–D. This method for estimating cetane number was developed by Chevron Research Co.2 Procedure A is based on a data set including a relatively small number of No. 1–D fuels. Test Method D4737 Procedure A may be less applicable to No. 1–D S15, No. 1–D S500, and No. 1–D S5000 than to No. 2–D grade S5000 or to No. 4–D fuels.
1.3.1 Procedure A has been verified as applicable to Grade No. 2–D S15 diesel fuels.3
1.4 Procedure B is to be used for Specification D975, Grade No. 2–D S500.
1.5 The test method “Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation” is particularly applicable to Grade 1–D S5000, Grade No. 1–D S500, Grade No. 2–D S5000 and Grade No. 2–D S500 diesel fuel oils containing straight-run and cracked stocks, and their blends. It can also be used for heavier fuels with 90 % recovery points less than 382 °C and for fuels containing derivatives from oil sands and oil shale.
Note 1: Sxx is the designation for maximum sulfur level specified for the grade. For example, S500 grades are those with a maximum sulfur limit of 500 ppm (μg/g).
1.6 Biodiesel blends are excluded from this test method, because they were not part of the datasets use to develop either Procedure A or B.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Te...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4737 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4737; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* cracked stocks, and their blends. It can also be used for heavier
fuels with 90 % recovery points less than 382 °C and for fuels
1.1 The calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
containing derivatives from oil sands and oil shale.
provides a means for estimating the ASTM cetane number
(Test Method D613) of distillate fuels from density and
NOTE 1—Sxx is the designation for maximum sulfur level specified for
the grade. For example, S500 grades are those with a maximum sulfur
distillation recovery temperature measurements. The value
limit of 500 ppm (µg/g).
computed from the equation is termed the Calculated Cetane
Index by Four Variable Equation. 1.6 Biodiesel blends are excluded from this test method,
because they were not part of the datasets use to develop either
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
Procedure A or B.
isnotanoptionalmethodforexpressingASTMcetanenumber.
It is a supplementary tool for estimating cetane number when 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
a result by Test Method D613 is not available and if cetane standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
improver is not used. As a supplementary tool, the Calculated standard.
Cetane Index by Four Variable equation must be used with due
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
regard for its limitations.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 Procedure A is to be used for Specification D975,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Grades No. 1–D S15, No. 1–D S500, No. 1–D S5000, No. 2–D
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
S15, No. 2–D S5000, and No. 4–D.This method for estimating
2
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
cetane number was developed by Chevron Research Co.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Procedure A is based on a data set including a relatively small
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
number of No. 1–D fuels. Test Method D4737 Procedure A
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
maybelessapplicabletoNo. 1–DS15,No.1–DS500,andNo.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1–D S5000 than to No. 2–D grade S5000 or to No. 4–D fuels.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3.1 Procedure A has been verified as applicable to Grade
3
No. 2–D S15 diesel fuels.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 Procedure B is to be used for Specification D975, Grade
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
No. 2–D S500.
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
1.5 The test method “Calculated Cetane Index by Four
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Variable Equation” is particularly applicable to Grade 1–D
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
S5000, Grade No. 1–D S500, Grade No. 2–D S5000 and Grade
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
No. 2–D S500 diesel fuel oils containing straight-run and
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4737 – 10 (2016).
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
DOI: 10.1520/D4737-21.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
2
Ingham, M. C., et al., “Improved Predictive Equations for Cetane Number,”
SAE Paper No 860250, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Common-
wealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
3 4
Supporting data (the analysis leading to the use of ProcedureAfor No. 2-D S15 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
diesel fuels and to Procedure B) have been filed at ASTM In
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4737 − 10 (Reapproved 2016) D4737 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4737; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 The calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation provides a means for estimating the ASTM cetane number (Test
Method D613) of distillate fuels from density and distillation recovery temperature measurements. The value computed from the
equation is termed the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation.
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation is not an optional method for expressing ASTM cetane number. It is
a supplementary tool for estimating cetane number when a result by Test Method D613 is not available and if cetane improver is
not used. As a supplementary tool, the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable equation must be used with due regard for its
limitations.
1.3 Procedure A is to be used for Specification D975, Grades No. 1–D S15, No. 1–D S500, No. 1–D S5000, No. 2–D S15, No.
2
2–D S5000, and No. 4–D. This method for estimating cetane number was developed by Chevron Research Co. Procedure A is
based on a data set including a relatively small number of No. 1–D fuels. Test Method D4737 Procedure A may be less applicable
to No. 1–D S15, No. 1–D S500, and No. 1–D S5000 than to No. 2–D grade S5000 or to No. 4–D fuels.
3
1.3.1 Procedure A has been verified as applicable to Grade No. 2–D S15 diesel fuels.
1.4 Procedure B is to be used for Specification D975, Grade No. 2–D S500.
1.5 The test method “Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation” is particularly applicable to Grade 1–D S5000, Grade
No. 1–D S500, Grade No. 2–D S5000 and Grade No. 2–D S500 diesel fuel oils containing straight-run and cracked stocks, and
their blends. It can also be used for heavier fuels with 90 % recovery points less than 382 °C and for fuels containing derivatives
from oil sands and oil shale.
NOTE 1—Sxx is the designation for maximum sulfur level specified for the grade. For example, S500 grades are those with a maximum sulfur limit of
500 ppm (μg/g).
1.6 Biodiesel blends are excluded from this test method, because they were not part of the datasets use to develop either Procedure
A or B.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Turbine Fuels.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2021. Published July 2016November 2021. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
D4737 – 10. 10 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D4737-10R16.10.1520/D4737-21.
2
Ingham, M. C., et al., “Improved Predictive Equations for Cetane Number,” SAE Paper No 860250, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
3
Supporting data (the analysis leading to the use of Procedure A for No. 2-D S15 diesel fuels and to Procedure B) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters
and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1699. Contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4737 − 21
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards
...
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