ASTM C939/C939M-22

Standard Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in the laboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux of a specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through a standardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete; however, the test method may also be used for other fluid grouts.  
1.2 It is for use with neat grout and with grouts containing fine aggregate all passing a 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve.  
1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout having an efflux time of 35 s or less.  
1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is better determined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C109M, using 5 drops in 3 s.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice (Note 1).
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2022
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.41 - Hydraulic Cement Grouts

Relations

• Refers: ASTM C219-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020
• Refers: ASTM C219-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C939/C939M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C939/C939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
laboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux of
a specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through a
2. Referenced Documents
standardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
concrete; however, the test method may also be used for other
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
fluid grouts.
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
1.2 It is for use with neat grout and with grouts containing
Specimens)
fine aggregate all passing a 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve.
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout having
gregates
an efflux time of 35 s or less.
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
ganic Cements
1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is better
C938 Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for
determined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C109M,
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
using 5 drops in 3 s.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Sieves
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3. Terminology
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1 Definitions:
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
systems shall not be combined. Some values have only SI units
to Terminologies C125 and C219.
because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice
(Note 1).
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
4.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of grout from a
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
standardized flow cone is measured.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
6. Interferences
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 2.36 mm
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
(No. 8) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the grout may
cause the grout to flow unevenly through the discharge tube of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committe C09 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41
2
on Hydraulic Cement Grouts. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C939 – 16a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0939-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C939/C939M − 22
the flow cone or stop the flow completely. Uneven flow will 8. Test Sample
result in slower transit of the grout, thereby indicating a false
8.1 The grout test sample shall be in excess of 1725 mLand
consistency.
shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
8.2 When sampling and t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C939/C939M − 16a C939/C939M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C939/C939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in the laboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux of a
specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through a standardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete;
however, the test method may also be used for other fluid grouts.
1.2 It is for use with neat grout and with grouts containing fine aggregate all passing a 2.36-mm2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve.
1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout having an efflux time of 35 s or less.
1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is better determined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C109M, using 5
drops in 3 s.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
shall not be combined. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only
and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41 on
Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2016November 2022. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
C939 – 16.C939 – 16a. DOI: 10.1520/C0939-16A.10.1520/C0939-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C939/C939M − 22
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
C938 Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies C125 and C219.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of grout from a standardized flow cone is measured.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.
6. Interferences
6.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 2.36-mm2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the grout may
cause the grout to flow unevenly through the discharge tube of the flow con
...