ASTM D3519-88(1997)

Standard Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the increase in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at 40°C) due to its tendency to foam under high shear conditions.
Note 1—Foam under low shear is covered by Test Method D 3601.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safety information, see 7.16.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Oct-1988
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.01 - Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3519-88(2002) - Standard Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test)
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3519 – 88 (Reapproved 1997) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope foaming tendency of the liquid (that is, metalworking coolant)
at some other use temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the increase
in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at
5. Apparatus
40°C) due to its tendency to foam under high shear conditions.
5.1 Blender.
NOTE 1—Foam under low shear is covered by Test Method D 3601.
NOTE 2—Tests with blenders other than commercial 7-speed Waring
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Blendor Model 5012G or Model 91-264 (7012G), as shown in Fig. 1, may
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
be suspect due to differences in speed or shape of the jar. The blender
information only. speed should be calibrated by any reliable means. One means can be to use
a hand-contact tachometer to get the order of speed and then to get several
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
more precise determinations using a stroboscope (which does not touch
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the rotor). Settings then can be selected to obtain the recommended speed.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Water Bath, constant-temperature, suitable to hold
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
blender jar and several bottled emulsions at 25 6 1°C (77 6
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3
1.8°F) for 1 to 2 h.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Stop Watch or Timer, capable of measuring 5 min 6 0.2
2.1 ASTM Standards: s.
5.4 Glass Jars or Bottles, clean or new, 250-ml (8-oz) or
D 1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
D 3601 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle 500-ml (16-oz).
5.5 Graduated Cylinder, 250-ml, fitted with ground-glass
Test)
stopper.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.6 Rule, millimetre, approximately 300 mm long to be
3.1 The increase in volume is determined by the increase in attached to the blender jar.
total height of test fluid including foam after blending for 30 s
6. Materials
using a commercial-type blender with glass jar (see Note 2) at
25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F) agitating between 4000 and 13 000 6.1 Distilled Water.
6.2 Hard Water, 20 000 ppm, made as follows: Dissolve
rpm. The preferred range would be 8000 6 1000 rpm.
29.4 g of reagent grade (ACS standard) CaCl ·2H Oin1Lof
2 2
4. Significance and Use
freshly boiled distilled water. (Used only where distilled water
4.1 The results obtained by the test method described are is used as in Note 3.)
useful as guides in determining the tendency of a water-based
7. Procedure
metalworking coolant to produce foam under high shear
7.1 Clean and rinse the blender with distilled water using 10
conditions. No correlation with changes in heat transfer,
pumpability, or other factors affected by foam is intended. The s blends and fresh samples of distilled water until no appre-
ciable foam is developed by blending.
foam produced by any given industrial process depends on the
method by which the foam is generated and may not be directly 7.2 Place the blender jar in the constant-temperature bath.
(The bath water should not be allowed inside the jar.)
proportional to that produced by this carefully controlled
laboratory test method. Further, the foam generated at the 7.3 Using the manufacturer’s recommended procedure, pre-
pare 200 ml of emulsion at the recommended use concentra-
specified test temperature will not necessarily predict the
tion.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.01 Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants. Except for exterior finish of the base, Blendor Models 5012G and 7012G
Current edition approved Oct. 31, 1988. Published January 1989. Originally (91-264) are the same. Blendors may be purchased from Waring Products Div., or
e2
published as D 3519 – 76. Last previous edition D 3519 – 76 (1982) . through supply houses (such as Cole Palmer No. 4244-80).
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. A common household dishpan is satisfactory when the test temperature is close
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. to room temperature.
D 3519
FIG. 1 Commercial Blender (See Note 1).
1. Preparation of Emulsion
1.1 (7.3) Sample description
1.2 (7.3) Concentration, %
1.3 (7.4) Source of water used
1.4 (7.4) Water hardness, ppm
1.5 (7.3) Method of preparing emulsion
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Test Data
2.1 (7.9) Temperature at start of test °C
2.2 (7.10) Initial height (I) mm
2.3 (7.12) Maximum total height at zero time (M) mm
2.4 (7.14) Residual total height after 5 min (R) mm
2.5 (7.13) Time to defoam to 10 mm (to nearest ⁄2 min) min
2.6 (7.15) Temperature at end of test °C
Caution—The round robin on this test used distilled water and a controlled synthetic hard water to make data comparative to the products under test at different
places and at different times. Care must be exercised when natural waters are used that comparative samples are used in exactly the same water, taken at the same
time from the same source. (For instance, well waters can change in hardness rapidly depending on the change in demand within the hour.)
NOTE 1—Numbers in parentheses indicate the section within the body of the method where the observations to be recorded are made.
FIG. 2 Suggested Test Form for Recording Data.
7.4 When tap water is used, record water hardness (using maximum of2hinthe constant-temperature water bath deep
Test Method D 1126), source, and date obtained. enough so that the water level is at least 10 mm above the
air-test fluid interface.
NOTE 3—In the absence of manufacturers’ recommendations, place 190
7.6 Assemble the blender.
ml of distilled water in the 250-ml capacity glass-stoppered graduated
7.7 Attach a millimetre rule to one side of the blender so
cylinder. Pour a fine stream of coolant concentrate into the cylinder to
that the 0 mm matches with the inside bottom of the blender
bring the liquid level to the 200-ml mark,
...