ASTM D3519-88(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test)
Standard Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the increase in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at 40°C) due to its tendency to foam under high shear conditions.
Note 1—Foam under low shear is covered by Test Method D 3601.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safety information, see 7.16.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D3519–88(Reapproved2002)
Standard Test Method for
Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope pumpability, or other factors affected by foam is intended. The
foam produced by any given industrial process depends on the
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheincrease
methodbywhichthefoamisgeneratedandmaynotbedirectly
in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at
proportional to that produced by this carefully controlled
40°C) due to its tendency to foam under high shear conditions.
laboratory test method. Further, the foam generated at the
NOTE 1—Foam under low shear is covered by Test Method D 3601.
specified test temperature will not necessarily predict the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the foaming tendency of the liquid (that is, metalworking coolant)
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for at some other use temperature.
information only.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Blender.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—Tests with blenders other than commercial 7-speed Waring
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Blendor Model 5012G or Model 91-264 (7012G), as shown in Fig. 1, may
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
be suspect due to differences in speed or shape of the jar. The blender
information, see 7.16. speedshouldbecalibratedbyanyreliablemeans.Onemeanscanbetouse
a hand-contact tachometer to get the order of speed and then to get several
2. Referenced Documents
more precise determinations using a stroboscope (which does not touch
the rotor). Settings then can be selected to obtain the recommended speed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water 5.2 Water Bath, constant-temperature, suitable to hold
blender jar and several bottled emulsions at 25 6 1°C (77 6
D 3601 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle
3 5
Test) 1.8°F) for 1 to 2 h.
5.3 Stop Watch or Timer, capable of measuring 5 min 6
3. Summary of Test Method
0.2 s.
3.1 The increase in volume is determined by the increase in 5.4 Glass Jars or Bottles, clean or new, 250-ml (8-oz) or
total height of test fluid including foam after blending for 30 s 500-ml (16-oz).
using a commercial-type blender with glass jar (see Note 2) at 5.5 Graduated Cylinder, 250-ml, fitted with ground-glass
25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F) agitating between 4000 and 13 000 stopper.
rpm. The preferred range would be 8000 6 1000 rpm. 5.6 Rule, millimetre, approximately 300 mm long to be
attached to the blender jar.
4. Significance and Use
6. Materials
4.1 The results obtained by the test method described are
useful as guides in determining the tendency of a water-based 6.1 Distilled Water.
metalworking coolant to produce foam under high shear 6.2 Hard Water, 20 000 ppm, made as follows: Dissolve
conditions. No correlation with changes in heat transfer, 29.4 g of reagent grade (ACS standard) CaCl ·2HOin1Lof
2 2
freshly boiled distilled water. (Used only where distilled water
is used as in Note 3.)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.01 Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants. Except for exterior finish of the base, Blendor Models 5012G and 7012G
Current edition approved Oct. 31, 1988. Published January 1989. Originally (91-264) are the same. Blendors may be purchased from Waring Products Div., or
e2
published as D 3519 – 76. Last previous edition D 3519 – 76 (1982) . through supply houses (such as Cole Palmer No. 4244-80).
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Acommon household dishpan is satisfactory when the test temperature is close
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
to room temperature.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3519
FIG. 1 Commercial Blender (See Note 1).
1. Preparation of Emulsion
1.1 (7.3) Sample description
1.2 (7.3) Concentration, %
1.3 (7.4) Source of water used
1.4 (7.4) Water hardness, ppm
1.5 (7.3) Method of preparing emulsion
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Test Data
2.1 (7.9) Temperature at start of test °C
2.2 (7.10) Initial height (I) mm
2.3 (7.12) Maximum total height at zero time (M) mm
2.4 (7.14) Residual total height after 5 min (R) mm
2.5 (7.13) Time to defoam to 10 mm (to nearest ⁄2 min) min
2.6 (7.15) Temperature at end of test °C
Caution—The round robin on this test used distilled water and a controlled synthetic hard water to make data comparative to the products under test at different
places and at different times. Care must be exercised when natural waters are used that comparative samples are used in exactly the same water, taken at the same
time from the same source. (For instance, well waters can change in hardness rapidly depending on the change in demand within the hour.)
NOTE 1—Numbers in parentheses indicate the section within the body of the method where the observations to be recorded are made.
FIG. 2 Suggested Test Form for Recording Data.
bring the liquid level to the 200-ml mark, being careful not to run
7. Procedure
concentrate down the side of the cylinder. (A syringe or serological pipet
7.1 Clean and rinse the blender with distilled water using 10
with rubber bulb may be found convenient here. ) Immediately, stopper
s blends and fresh samples of distilled water until no appre-
and shake the cylinder to form a 5 % emulsion or solution.
ciable foam is developed by blending.
7.5 Pour the test liquid into a clean glass bottle or jar and
7.2 Place the blender jar in the constant-temperature bath.
store it at 25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F) for a minimum of 1 h and a
(The bath water should not be allowed inside the jar.)
maximum of2hinthe constant-temperature water bath deep
7.3 Using the manufacturer’s recommended procedure, pre-
enough so that the water level is at least 10 mm above the
pare 200 ml of emulsion at the recommended use concentra-
air-test fluid interface.
tion.
7.6 Assemble the blender.
7.4 When tap water is used, record water hardness (using
Test Method D 1126), source, and date obtained.
NOTE 3—Intheabsenceofmanufacturers’recommendations,place190
ml of distilled water in the 250-ml capacity glass-stoppered graduated
Serological pipets,
...
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