ASTM E776-16

Standard Test Method for Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The standard is available to producers and users of RDF for determining the content and forms of chlorine present in the fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine, water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.  
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2016
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E776 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms
3.1.1 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived
of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine,
fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be
water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.
4
prepared are defined as follows in ASTM STP 832:
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with
material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be
only bulky wastes removed.
prepared.
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as without ferrous metal separation.
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
sizes, 95 % passing 2-in. square screening.
standard.
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 total chlorine—all chlorine as determined in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
refuse-derived fuel.
precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.
3.1.3 water-insoluble chlorine—water-insoluble chlorides
2. Referenced Documents
and chlorine in the refuse-derived fuel.
2
3.1.4 water-soluble chloride—those chlorides which are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
water-solubilized by water extraction as determined in the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
refuse-derived fuel.
E144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
4. Summary of Test Method
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
4.1 The forms of chloride and chlorine are determined. The
E287 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Burets
various procedures in the method convert the forms of chlorine
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
into a water-soluble chloride form that can be quantitated by
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn
titration.
3
2011)
4.1.1 Total Chlorine—The sample is combusted in an oxy-
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
gen atmosphere. The chlorine is converted to chloride and
Laboratory Samples for Analysis
absorbed in an alkaline solution.
4.1.2 Water-Soluble Chlorides—A portion of the analysis
sample is successively extracted with hot chloride-free water.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste 4.1.3 Water-Insoluble Chlorine—Water-insoluble chlorine
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
is calculated from the results of the total chlorine and the
Recovery and Reuse.
water-soluble chloride determination where:
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E776 – 87 (2009).
water2 insoluble chlorine5 total chlorine2 water2 soluble chlorides
DOI: 10.1520/E0776-16.
2 (1)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM, 1983,
www.astm.org. p. 72.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E776 − 16
FIG. 1 Graph From a Potentiometric Titration of Chloride
4.2 The chlorides contained in the alkaline solution (4.1.1) 7.2.1 Compounds that have a strong oxidizing action inter-
and the extraction solution (4.1.2) are determined by potentio- fere by reacting with thiocyanate. These compounds should be
metric (see Section 13) or modified Volhard titration (see r
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E776 − 87 (Reapproved 2009) E776 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine,
water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E287 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Burets
3
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn 2011)
3
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis (Withdrawn 2002)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be prepared are
4
defined as follows in ASTM STP 832:
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with only bulky wastes removed.
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or without ferrous metal separation.
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle sizes, 95 % passing 2-in. square screening.
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed) into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
3.1.2 total chlorine—all chlorine as determined in the refuse-derived fuel.
3.1.3 water-insoluble chlorine—water-insoluble chlorides and chlorine in the refuse-derived fuel.
3.1.4 water-soluble chloride—those chlorides which are water-solubilized by water extraction as determined in the refuse-
derived fuel.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The forms of chloride and chlorine are determined. The various procedures in the method convert the forms of chlorine into
a water-soluble chloride form that can be quantitated by titration.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2016. Published August 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as
E 776 – 87 (2004).2009 as E776 – 87 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/E0776-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM, 1983, p. 72.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E776 − 16
FIG. 1 Graph From a Potentiometric Titration of Chloride
4.1.1 Total Chlorine—The sample is combusted in an oxygen atmosphere. The chlorine is converted to chloride and absorbed
in an alkaline solution.
4.1.2 Water-Soluble Chlorides—A portion of the analysis sample is successively extracted with hot chloride-free water.
4.1.3 Water-Insoluble Chlorine—Water-insoluble chlorine is calculated from the results of the total chlorine and the
water-soluble chloride determination where:
water 2 insoluble c
...