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ASTM D7060-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Asphaltenes are naturally occurring materials in crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual material. The asphaltenes are usually present in colloidal suspensions, but they may agglomerate and flocculate if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through excess stress or incompatibility. This test method provides compatibility parameters, which can be used to assess stability reserve and compatibility.
A blend is considered stable when the blend’s peptizing power is higher than the blend’s maximum flocculation ratio;3 ,4 both of them can be calculated using empirical blend rules. Refineries and terminal owners can prevent the flocculation of asphaltenes due to incompatibility by assessing the compatibility of fuels beforehand.
Note 3—See Appendix X1 for an example of prediction of compatibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for quantifying the maximum flocculation ratio of the asphaltenes in the oil and the peptizing power of the oil medium, by an automatic instrument using an optical device.
1.2 This test method is applicable to atmospheric or vacuum distillation residues, thermally cracked residue, intermediate and finished residual fuel oils, containing at least 1 mass % asphaltenes. This test method has not been developed for asphalts.
Note 1—An optical probe detects the formation of flocculated asphaltenes. The start of flocculation is interpreted when a significant and sustained increase in rate-of-change of signal, as measured by the optical probe, ensures flocculation is in progress. The start of flocculation can be detected unambiguously when the sample contains at least 1 % mass asphaltenes as measured by Test Method D 6560.
Note 2—This test method is applicable to products typical of Specification D 396-Grades 5L, 5H, and 6, and Specification D 2880-Grades 3-GT and 4-GT.
1.3 This test method was evaluated in a within-laboratory study in the range of 16 to 57 for the maximum flocculation ratio and in the ranges of 27 to 96 for peptizing power.
1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7060-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D7060-09 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

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ASTM D7060-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)ASTM D7060-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)
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ASTM D7060-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 7060 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and
Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical
1
Detection Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for quantifying the
Petroleum Products
maximumflocculationratiooftheasphaltenesintheoilandthe
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
peptizingpoweroftheoilmedium,byanautomaticinstrument
Petroleum Products
using an optical device.
D 4870 TestMethodforDeterminationofTotalSedimentin
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicabletoatmosphericorvacuum
Residual Fuels
distillation residues, thermally cracked residue, intermediate
D 6560 Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes
and finished residual fuel oils, containing at least 1 mass %
(Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
asphaltenes. This test method has not been developed for
Products
asphalts.
D 6792 Guide for Quality System in Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—An optical probe detects the formation of flocculated asphalt-
and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
enes. The start of flocculation is interpreted when a significant and
sustained increase in rate-of-change of signal, as measured by the optical
3. Terminology
probe, ensures flocculation is in progress. The start of flocculation can be
3.1 Definitions:
detected unambiguously when the sample contains at least 1 % mass
3.1.1 asphaltene, n—in petroleum technology, a molecule
asphaltenes as measured by Test Method D 6560.
NOTE 2—This test method is applicable to products typical of Specifi- of high molecular mass, high carbon/hydrogen ratio, and
cation D 396—Grades 5L, 5H, and 6, and Specification D 2880—Grades
containing heteroatoms.
3-GT and 4-GT.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Asphaltenes are found largely in crude
1.3 This test method was evaluated in a within-laboratory oils and in heavy fuel oils containing residual fractions. They
study in the range of 16 to 57 for the maximum flocculation are insoluble in alkanes such as n-heptane and cetane, but
ratio and in the ranges of 27 to 96 for peptizing power. soluble in aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 1-methylnaphthalene.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.2 compatibility, n—of crude oils or of heavy fuel oils,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- the ability of two or more crude oils or fuel oils to blend
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- together within certain concentration ranges without evidence
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. of separation, such as the formation of multiple phases.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Incompatible heavy fuel oils or crude
2. Referenced Documents
oils, when mixed or blended, result in the flocculation or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: precipitation of asphaltenes. Some oils may be compatible
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
within certain concentration ranges in specific mixtures, but
incompatible outside those ranges.
3.1.3 flocculation, n—of asphaltenes from crude oils or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
heavy fuel oils, the aggregation of colloidally dispersed as-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels. phaltenes into visibly larger masses which may or may not
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
settle.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 7060–04.
3.1.4 peptization, n—of asphaltenes in crude oils or heavy
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fuel oils, the dispersion of asphaltenes to produce a colloidal
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on dispersion.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7060–05
3.1.5 stability reserve, n—in petroleum technology, the 4. Summary of Test Method
property of an oil to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized state
4.1 Six portions of
...

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Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
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4  
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6  
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5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off