ASTM C1088-23

Standard Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thin veneer brick units made from clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneer applications. The brick units shall be available in both Grades Interior and Exterior of the following types: Type TBS (Standard), which are for general masonry use; Type TBX (Select), which are produced with higher degree of precision; and Type TBA (Architectural), which are selected to produce characteristic architectural effects resulting from nonuniformity in size and texture of the individual units. Materials shall undergo durability, and freezing and thawing tests and should adhere to physical property requirements such as maximum water absorption, maximum saturation coefficient, maximum water loss, breakage, cracking, and weathering index. Bricks should also conform to specified characteristics as to face finish, color and texture, size and dimensions, and warpage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units made from clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneer applications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each of two grades are covered. In this specification, the term thin veneer brick shall be understood to mean a clay masonry unit with a thickness of less than 25/8 in. (66.7 mm).
Note 1: Thin brick with thicknesses greater than 13/4 in. (44.5 mm) may exceed the prescriptive unit weight limits for adhered masonry veneer. In such cases, rational design is necessary. Alternatively, use of a system or construction method designed to accommodate thin brick units exceeding 13/4 in. (44.5 mm) in thickness may be an option.  
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 7) of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not intended to provide specifications for paving brick (see Specification C902).  
1.4 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of the specification. (See “firing” and “fired bond” in Terminology C1232.)  
1.5 Thin brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method is a way to describe the thin brick. Thin brick may also be cut from thicker masonry units.  
1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2023
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1088 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Thin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* unit made from other materials, or made with other forming
methods, or other means of binding the materials.
1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units made
from clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and fired 1.6 The text of this specification references notes and
to incipient fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneer footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
applications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each of footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
two grades are covered. In this specification, the term thin considered as requirements of the standard.
veneer brick shall be understood to mean a clay masonry unit
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5
with a thickness of less than 2 ⁄8 in. (66.7 mm).
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
NOTE 1—Thin brick with thicknesses greater than 1 ⁄4 in. (44.5 mm)
may exceed the prescriptive unit weight limits for adhered masonry
and are not considered standard.
veneer. In such cases, rational design is necessary. Alternatively, use of a
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
system or construction method designed to accommodate thin brick units
3
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
exceeding 1 ⁄4 in. (44.5 mm) in thickness may be an option.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
extracted from masonry structures for determining confor-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Sec-
tion 7) of this specification is beyond the scope of this
2. Referenced Documents
specification.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of
C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick
sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not
and Structural Clay Tile
intended to provide specifications for paving brick (see Speci-
C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving
fication C902).
Brick
1.4 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured C1232 Terminology for Masonry
from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
3. Terminology
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to thin veneer
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
bility requirements of the specification. (See “firing” and “fired
4. Classification
bond” in Terminology C1232.)
1.5 Thin brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, 4.1 Grades—Grades classify brick according to their resis-
tance to damage by freezing and thawing when saturated at a
pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method is a way to describe
the thin brick. Thin brick may also be cut from thicker masonry moisture content not exceeding the 24-h cold water absorption.
Two grades of thin veneer brick units are covered and the
units.
1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not requirements are given in Section 7.
4.1.1 Grade Exterior—Brick intended for use where high
be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry
resistance to damage caused by cyclic freezing and thawing is
desired.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as C1088 – 20. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1088-23. the ASTM w
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1088 − 20 C1088 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Thin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units made from clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and fired to
incipient fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneer applications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each of two grades
are covered. In this specification, the term thin veneer brick shall be understood to mean a clay masonry unit with a maximum
3 5
thickness of 1less ⁄4 in. (44.45than 2 ⁄8 mm). in. (66.7 mm).
3
NOTE 1—Thin brick with thicknesses greater than 1 ⁄4 in. (44.5 mm) may exceed the prescriptive unit weight limits for adhered masonry veneer. In such
3
cases, rational design is necessary. Alternatively, use of a system or construction method designed to accommodate thin brick units exceeding 1 ⁄4 in.
(44.5 mm) in thickness may be an option.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted
from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 7) of this
specification is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not intended to
provide specifications for paving brick (see Specification C902).
1.4 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected
to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate
constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of the specification. (See “firing” and “fired bond” in Terminology
C1232.)
1.5 Thin brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method is a way to describe the
thin brick. Thin brick may also be cut from thicker masonry units.
1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit
made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020March 1, 2023. Published March 2020March 2023. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
C1088 – 19a.C1088 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/C1088-20.10.1520/C1088-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1088 − 23
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to thin veneer brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Classification
4.1 Grades—Grades classify brick according to their resistance to damage by freezing and thawing when saturated at a moisture
content not exceeding the 24-h cold water absorption. Two g
...