ASTM C32-23

Standard Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers brick intended for use in drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and related structures such as manholes and catch basins. The bricks are classified as sewer bricks (Grades SS and SM) and manhole bricks (Grades MS and MM). Sewer brick shall have plain or smooth surfaces on both ends and on the face side. Manhole brick shall have plain, slightly, or moderately textured surfaces. The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordance with applicable requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1) drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and (2) related structures such as manholes and catch basins.  
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the requirements of this specification is beyond the scope of this standard.  
1.3 Brick are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See Terminology C1232.)  
1.4 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick.  
1.4.1 This specification and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.  
1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2023
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C32 − 23 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M91-78
Standard Specification for
1
Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C32; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
wastes, and storm water, and (2) related structures such as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
manholes and catch basins.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time
2. Referenced Documents
of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted
2
from masonry structures for determining conformance or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
non-conformance to the requirements of this specification is
C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick
beyond the scope of this standard.
and Structural Clay Tile
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
1.3 Brick are ceramic products manufactured primarily
from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy sub-
3. Terminology
stances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated tempera-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to masonry, sewer
tures (firing). Additives or recycled materials are permitted to
brick, and manhole brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
be included at the option of the manufacturer. The heat
treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the
4. Classification
particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability
4.1 Grades—Two grades of sewer brick are covered:
requirements of this specification. (See Terminology C1232.)
4.1.1 Grade SS—Brick intended for use in structures requir-
1.4 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding,
ing low absorption and resistance to the action of sewage
pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to
carrying large quantities of abrasive material at velocities
describe the brick.
exceeding 8 ft/s (2.4 m/s).
1.4.1 This specification and its individual requirements shall
4.1.2 Grade SM—Brick intended for use in structures re-
not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a
quiring resistance to the action of sewage carrying abrasive
masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other
materials at velocities of no more than 8 ft/s (2.4 m/s).
forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.
4.2 Grades—Two grades of manhole brick are covered:
1.5 The text of this specification references notes and
4.2.1 Grade MS—Brick intended for use in manholes and
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
catch basins not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance
footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be
but where a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost
considered as requirements of the specification.
action and disintegration is needed when the brick may be
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
frozen when permeated with water.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.2.2 Grade MM—Brick intended for use in manholes not
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but where a
and are not considered standard.
moderate and nonuniform degree of resistance to frost action
and disintegration is needed when the brick may be permeated
with water.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C32 – 13(2017). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0032-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C32 − 13 (Reapproved 2017) C32 − 23 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M91-78
Standard Specification for
1
Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C32; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1) drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and
storm water, and (2) related structures such as manholes and catch basins.
1.2 The property requirements of this standardspecification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick
extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of
this standardspecification is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Brick covered by this standard are manufactured are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar
naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). Additives or recycled
materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond
between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
bond in Terminology C1232.)
1.4 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick.
1.4.1 This specification and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry
unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.
1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes,
excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017June 1, 2023. Published January 2018June 2023. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
C32 – 13.C32 – 13(2017). DOI: 10.1520/C0032-13R17.10.1520/C0032-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C32 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C67C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to masonry, sewer brick, and manhole brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Classification
4.1 Grades—Two grades of sewer brick are covered:
4.1.1 Grade SS—Brick intended for use in structures requiring low absorption and resistance to the action of sewage carrying large
quantities of abrasive material at velocities exceeding 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.ft/s (2.4 m/s).
4.1.2 Grade SM—Brick intended for use in structures requiring resistance to the action of sewage carrying abrasive materials at
velocities less of no more than 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.ft/s (2.4 m/s).
4.2 Grades—Two grades of manhole brick are covered:
4.2.1 Grade MS—Brick intended for use in manholes and catch basins not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but where
a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost action and disinteg
...