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ASTM E44-84e1

(Terminology)

Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals

Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1983
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.92 - Terminology
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E44-84e1 - Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of MetalsASTM E44-84e1 - Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
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ASTM E44-84e1 - Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
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ASTM E44 BY 0759530 0045303 B
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
fl{/b Designation: E 44 - 84‘’
1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Copyright ASTM
If not listed in tfie current combined index, will appear in the next edition.
Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to
Heat Treatment ob Metals‘
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 44; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change sincethe last revision or reapproval.
These Dejinitions were prepared joinily by the American SocietyJÒr Metals. Society ofAutomolive Engineers. American Foundrymen’s
Association, and American Society for Testing and Materials.
Temperatures have been omitted purposely from these definitions, which are noi intended (IS specificaiions and should not be
interpreted as such.
(I NmE-The jurisdiction of this standard was changed in April 1989.
Ac,,,,, Ac,, Ac,, Ac,-See transformation temperature. -_ without qualification, implies full annealing.
When applied to nonferrous alloys, the term “annealing”
age hardening-hardening by aghg, usually aftrr rapid
implies a heat treatment designed to soften a cold-worked
cooling or cold working. See aging.
or
structure by recrystallization or subsequent grain growth
aging-a change in the properties of certain metals and
to soften an age-hardened alloy by causing a nearly complete
alloys that occurs at ambient or moderately elevated
precipitation of the second phase in relatively coarse form.
temperatures after hot working or a heat treatment
Any process of annealing will usually reduce stresses but if
(quench aging in ferrous alloys, natural or artificial aging
the treatment is applied for the sole purpose of such relief it
in ferrous and nonferrous alloys) or after a cold-working
should be designated stress relieving.
‘operation (strain aging). The change in properties is often,
Ar,,, Ar,, Ar,, Ar,-See transformation temperature.
but not always, due to a phase change (precipitation), but
artificial aging-aging above room temperature. See aging
never involves a change in chemical composition of the
and precipitation heat treatment. Compare with natural
metals or alloys. See also age hardening, artificial aging,
aging.
natural aging, overaging, precipitation hardening, precipi-
tation heat treatment, progressive aging, quench aging, and austempering-quenching a ferrous alioy from a tempera-
strain aging. ture above the transformation range in a medium having a
rate of heat abstraction high enough to prevent the
annealing-heating to and holding at a suitable temperature
formation of high-temperature transformation products,
and then cooling at a suitable rate, for such purposes as
-and then holding the alloy, until transformation is com-
reducing hardness, improving machinability, facilitating
plete, at a temperature below that of pearlite formation
a desired microstructure, or
cold working, producing
and above that of martensite formation.
obtaining desired mechanical, physical, or other proper-
ties. When applicable, the following more specific terms austenitizing-forming austenite by heating a ferrous alloy
into the transformation range (partial austenitizing) or
should be used:
above the transformation range (complete austenitizing).
black annealing
baking-heating to a low temperature in order to remove
blue annealing
gases.
box annealing
bright annealing
black annealing-box annealing or pot annealing ferrous
flame annealing
alloy sheet, strip, or wire. See box annealing.
full annealing
blank carburizing-simulating the carburizing operation
graphitizing
without introducing carbon. This is usually accomplished
intermediate annealing
by using an inert material in place of the carburizing agent,
isothermal annealing
or by applying a suitable protective coating to the ferrous
malleableizing
alloy.
process annealing
blank nitriding-simulating the nitriding operation without
quench annealing
recrystallization annealing introducing nitrogen. This is usually accomplished by
spheroidizing
using an inert material in place of the nitriding agent, or by
applying a suitable protective coating to the ferrous alloy.
Definitions of the above terms are given below in their
blue annealing-heating hot-rolled ferrous sheet in an open
alphabetic positions.
furnace to a temperature within the transformation range
When applied to ferrous alloys, the term “annealing,”
and then cooling in air, in order to soften the metal. The
formation of a bluish oxide on the surface is incidental.
I These definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on
bluing-subjecting the scale-free surface of I ferrous alloy to
Steel, Stainless Steel,
...

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This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, and UNS R30556 nickel alloy billets and bars for reforging. The products shall be hot worked from ingots by rolling, forging, extruding, hammering, or pressing. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed by the reference material. The chemical composition of the material shall be determined by chemical analysis in accordance with test method E1473.
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1.1 This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N10362, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, UNS N06699, and UNS R305562 billets and bars for reforging.  
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