ASTM D7057-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Analysis of Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) by Gas Chromatography (External Standard)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) by Gas Chromatography (External Standard)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in 1.2 and for use as an internal quality control tool where isopropylbenzene is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving isopropylbenzene.
This test method is useful in determining the purity of isopropylbenzene with normal impurities present. If extremely high boiling or unusual impurities are present in the isopropylbenzene, this test method would not necessarily detect them and the purity calculation would be erroneous.
Cumene hydroperoxide, if present, will yield thermal decomposition products, primarily AP and DMPC as stated in 4.1, that will elute in the chromatogram thereby giving incorrect results unless they are excluded as indicated in 4.1. It is also possible to get erroneous results for trace alpha-methylstyrene present in isopropylbenzene if the inlet has become unduly contaminated with non-volatile foreign substances.
The nonaromatic hydrocarbons commonly present from the isopropylbenzene manufacturing process, particularly a non-zeolitic one, will interfere with the determination of xylenes (if present).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of isopropylbenzene (cumene) by gas chromatography. Calibration of the gas chromatography system is done by the external standard calibration technique.
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as nonaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, phenol, cymenes, t-butylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene, sec-butylbenzene, and diisopropylbenzenes, which are impurities that can be found in isopropylbenzene. The latter impurities can be analyzed over a range of 1 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg by this method (see Table 1). The limit of detection for these impurities is summarized in Table 1 as well.
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
TABLE 1 Summary of Precision Data (mg/kg) CompoundRepeatabilityReproducibilityRange
Studied Benzene1.004+0.006*Benzene0.924+0.158*Benzene1.0–295 Toluene0.644+0.009*Toluene1.505+0.069*Toluene0.2–260 Ethylbenzene (EB)1.249+0.022*EB2.534+0.230*EB5–370 n-Propylbenzene (NPB)-0.369+0.015*NPB-6.793+0.214*NPB180–465 Phenol (PHE)1.926+.0095*PHE3.718+0.207*PHE1–225 alpha-methylstyrene(AMS)1.368+0.057*AMS21.181+0.976*AMS6–305 tert-Butylbenzene(TBB)1.666+0.011*TBB4.126+0.086*TBB2–250 sec-Butylbenzene(SBB)0.635+0.010*SBB0.891+0.090*SBB2–245 m-Cymene0.618+0.011*m-Cymene1.811+0.181*m-Cymene5–240 o-Cymene0.498+0.012*o-Cymene1.951+0.156*o-Cymene1–160 p-Cymene0.485+0.019*p-Cymene1.618+0.097*p-Cymene2–270 n-Butylbenzene(NBB)0.445+0.030*NBB2.600+0.045*NBB0.3–265 1,3-diisopropylbenzene(13DIPB)0.727+0.010*13DIPB1.570+0.720*13DIPB1–210 1,4-diisopropylbenzene(14DIPB)0.435+0.013*14DIPB1.112+0.040*14DIPB1–285 NonAromatics(NA)0.441+0.242*NA1.663+0.306*NA5–95
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Designation: D7057 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Analysis of Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) by Gas
1
Chromatography (External Standard)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
of isopropylbenzene (cumene) by gas chromatography. Cali-
Analytical Standards
bration of the gas chromatography system is done by the
D4790 Terminology ofAromatic Hydrocarbons and Related
external standard calibration technique.
Chemicals
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
measurement of impurities such as nonaromatic hydrocarbons,
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, phenol, cymenes,
terials
t-butylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, alpha-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
methylstyrene, sec-butylbenzene, and diisopropylbenzenes,
Determine Conformance with Specifications
which are impurities that can be found in isopropylbenzene.
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
The latter impurities can be analyzed over a range of 1 mg/kg
ships
to 500 mg/kg by this method (see Table 1). The limit of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
detection for these impurities is summarized in Table 1 as well.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using
this method to applicable specifications, results shall be Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of
2.2 Other Document:
Practice E29.
OSHA Regulations, 29CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
3
1910.1200
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 See Terminology D4790 for definition of terms used in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this test method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
4.1 Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is analyzed by a gas chro-
statements, see Section 8.
matograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector
(FID). A precisely repeatable volume of the sample to be
2. Referenced Documents
analyzed is injected onto the gas chromatograph. The peak
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
areas of the impurities are measured and converted to concen-
trations via an external standard methodology. Purity by GC
(the Cumene content) is calculated by subtracting the sum of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on the impurities from 100.00, excludingAcetophenone (AP) and
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
2-phenyl-2-propanol (DMPC or DMBA) which are artifacts of
Subcommittee D16.07 on Styrene, Ethylbenzene and C9 and C10 Aromatic
cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) thermal decomposition in the
Hydrocarbons.
inlet of the GC. Results are reported in weight percent.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D7057 - 04. DOI:
10.1520/D7057-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
the ASTM website. www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7057 − 09
TABLE 1 Summary of Precision Data (mg/kg)
Range
Compound Repeatability Reproducibility
Studied
Benzene 1.004+0.006*Benzene 0.924+0.158*Benzene 1.0–295
Toluene 0.644+0.009*Toluene 1.505+0.069*Toluene 0.2–260
Ethylbenzene (EB) 1.249+0.022*EB 2.534+0.230*EB 5–370
n-Propylbenzene (NPB) -0.369+0.015*NPB -6.793+0.214*NPB 180–465
Ph
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7057–04 Designation: D 7057 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) by Gas
1
Chromatography (External Standard)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of isopropylbenzene (cumene) by gas chromatography. Calibration
of the gas chromatography system is done by the external standard calibration technique.
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as nonaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, phenol, cymenes, t-butylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene, sec-
butylbenzene, and diisopropylbenzenes, which are impurities that can be found in isopropylbenzene. The latter impurities can be
analyzed over a range of 1 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg by this method (see Table 1). The limit of detection for these impurities is
summarized in Table 1 as well.
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded
off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D 4790 Terminology of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals
D 6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
2.2 Other Document:
3
OSHA Regulations, 29CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and 1910.1200
3. Terminology
3.1 See Terminology D 4790for definition of terms used in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). A
precisely repeatable volume of the sample to be analyzed is injected onto the gas chromatograph. The peak areas of the impurities
are measured and converted to concentrations via an external standard methodology. Purity by GC (the Cumene content) is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D16 onAromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D16.07 on Styrene, Ethylbenzene, and C and C Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
9 10
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 7057 - 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7057–09
TABLE 1 Summary of Precision Data (mg/kg)
Range
Compound Repeatability Reproducibility
Studied
Benzene 1.004+0.006*Benzene 0.924+0.158*Benzene 1.0–29
...
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