ASTM D7418-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring
Standard Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes to the end user how to collect the FT-IR spectra of in-service oil samples for in-service oil condition monitoring. Various in-service oil condition monitoring parameters, such as oxidation, nitration, soot, water, ethylene glycol, fuel dilution, gasoline dilution, sulfate by-products and phosphate antiwear additives, can be measured by FT-IR spectroscopy (4-7). Changes in the values of these parameters over operating time can then be used to help diagnose the operational condition of various machinery and equipment and to indicate when an oil change should take place. This practice is intended to give a standardized configuration for FT-IR instrumentation and operating parameters employed in in-service oil condition monitoring in order to obtain comparable between-instrument and between-laboratory data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrometers for in-service oil condition monitoring for both direct trend analysis and differential trend analysis approaches.
1.2 This practice describes how to acquire the FT-IR spectrum of an in-service oil sample using a standard transmission cell and establishes maximum allowable spectral noise levels.
1.3 Measurement and integrated parameters for individual in-service oil condition monitoring components and parameters are not described in this practice and are described in their respective test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7418 − 23
Standard Practice for
Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
1
Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice describes the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrom-
eters for in-service oil condition monitoring. The following parameters are typically monitored for
petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants: water, soot, oxidation, nitration, phosphate antiwear
additives, fuel dilution (gasoline or diesel), sulfate by-products and ethylene glycol. Measurement and
data interpretation parameters are standardized to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to
obtain comparable results by employing the same techniques. Two approaches may be used to monitor
in-service oil samples by FT-IR spectrometry: (1) direct trend analysis and (2) differential (spectral
subtraction) trend analysis. The former involves measurements made directly on in-service oil
samples, whereas the latter involves measurements obtained after the spectrum of a reference oil has
been subtracted from the spectrum of the in-service oil being analyzed. Both of these approaches are
described in this practice, and it is up to the user to determine which approach is more appropriate.
1. Scope* 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice covers the instrument set-up and operation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
parameters for using FT-IR spectrometers for in-service oil
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
condition monitoring for both direct trend analysis and differ-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ential trend analysis approaches.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This practice describes how to acquire the FT-IR spec-
trum of an in-service oil sample using a standard transmission 2. Referenced Documents
cell and establishes maximum allowable spectral noise levels.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Measurement and integrated parameters for individual D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
in-service oil condition monitoring components and param-
Petroleum Products
eters are not described in this practice and are described in their D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
respective test methods.
Fuels, and Lubricants
D7414 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Oxidation
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubri-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
cants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared
standard.
(FT-IR) Spectrometry
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D7624 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Nitration in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(FT-IR) Spectrometry
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D7844 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Soot in
In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis using Fourier
1 Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service
2
Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D7418 – 22. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7418-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7418 − 23
E131 Terminology Relating to M
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7418 − 22 D7418 − 23
Standard Practice for
Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
1
Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice describes the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrom-
eters for in-service oil condition monitoring. The following parameters are typically monitored for
petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants: water, soot, oxidation, nitration, phosphate antiwear
additives, fuel dilution (gasoline or diesel), sulfate by-products and ethylene glycol. Measurement and
data interpretation parameters are standardized to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to
obtain comparable results by employing the same techniques. Two approaches may be used to monitor
in-service oil samples by FT-IR spectrometry: (1) direct trend analysis and (2) differential (spectral
subtraction) trend analysis. The former involves measurements made directly on in-service oil
samples, whereas the latter involves measurements obtained after the spectrum of a reference oil has
been subtracted from the spectrum of the in-service oil being analyzed. Both of these approaches are
described in this practice, and it is up to the user to determine which approach is more appropriate.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrometers for in-service oil condition
monitoring for both direct trend analysis and differential trend analysis approaches.
1.2 This practice describes how to acquire the FT-IR spectrum of an in-service oil sample using a standard transmission cell and
establishes maximum allowable spectral noise levels.
1.3 Measurement and integrated parameters for individual in-service oil condition monitoring components and parameters are not
described in this practice and are described in their respective test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022May 1, 2023. Published October 2022May 2023. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20212022 as D7418
– 21. DOI: 10.1520/D7418-22.22. DOI: 10.1520/D7418-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7418 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D7414 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Oxidation in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubricants by
Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
D7624 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Nitration in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants by Trend
Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
D7844 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis using Fourier Transform
Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantit
...
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