ASTM F2277-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of these test methods is to provide valid and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of selectorized strength equipment assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer’specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specification F 2216 is intended to maximize the reliability of selectorized strength equipment design and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design deficiencies.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus used for testing and evaluating selectorized strength equipment for compliance to Specification F 2216. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced.
1.2 RequirementsSelectorized strength equipment is to be tested for all of the following parameters:
1.2.1 Stability,
1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,
1.2.3 Tube ends,
1.2.4 Weight stack travel,
1.2.5 Weight stack selector pin retention,
1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,
1.2.7 Handgrip design and retention,
1.2.8 Assist mechanisms,
1.2.9 Foot supports,
1.2.10 Rope and belt systems:
Static load,
End fitting design,
1.2.11 Chain drive design,
1.2.12 Pulley design:
Rope pulley design,
Belt pulley design,
1.2.13 Entrapment zones,
1.2.14 Pull in points,
1.2.15 Weight stack enclosure design,
1.2.16 Loading and deflection:
Intrinsic loading and associated deflection,
Extrinsic loading and associated deflection,
Endurance loading, and
1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:F2277–03
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of
Selectorized Strength Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of
selectorized strength equipment. Users of these machines must recognize, however, that conformance
to a standard will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving
strength equipment involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is not maintained or used
properly.
1. Scope 1.2.16 Loading and deflection:
1.2.16.1 Intrinsic loading and associated deflection,
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus
1.2.16.2 Extrinsic loading and associated deflection,
used for testing and evaluating selectorized strength equipment
1.2.16.3 Endurance loading, and
for compliance to Specification F2216. Both design and
1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification.
operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applicable,acceptedtestmethodsfromotherrecognizedbodies
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
will be used and referenced.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 Requirements—Selectorized strength equipment is to be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tested for all of the following parameters:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2.1 Stability,
1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.3 Tube ends,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.4 Weight stack travel,
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
1.2.5 Weight stack selector pin retention,
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness
1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,
Facility Safety Signage and Labels
1.2.7 Handgrip design and retention,
F2216 Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
1.2.8 Assist mechanisms,
2.2 European Standards:
1.2.9 Foot supports,
EN 957–1 Stationary Training Equipment—Part 1: General
1.2.10 Rope and belt systems:
Safety Requirements and Test Methods
1.2.10.1 Static load,
EN 957–2 StationaryTraining Equipment—Part 2: Strength
1.2.10.2 End fitting design,
Training Equipment, Additional Specific Safety Require-
1.2.11 Chain drive design,
ments and Test Methods
1.2.12 Pulley design:
2.3 UL Standard:
1.2.12.1 Rope pulley design,
UL 1439 UL Standard for Safety Tests for Sharpness of
1.2.12.2 Belt pulley design,
Edges on Equipment
1.2.13 Entrapment zones,
1.2.14 Pull in points,
1.2.15 Weight stack enclosure design,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports the ASTM website.
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.30 on AvailablefromCENManagementCentre,36ruedeStassart,B-1050,Brussels,
Fitness Products. Belgium.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
F2277-03. Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
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F2277–03
FIG. 1 Tilt Test
2.4 ANSI Standard: 6. Units of Measure
ANSI B29.1 Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains,
6.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Attachments and Sprockets
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3. Terminology
7. Sample Preparation
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7.1 Assemble and adjust the selectorized strength equip-
3.1.1 normal operation, n—theoperationoftheselectorized
ment according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Remove
strength equipment as defined by the manufacturer.
upholstered pads from the sample. On machines that are fully
assembled, verify according to the manufacturer’s instructions
4. Significance and Use
that all components are functioning and that they have been
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide valid
adjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, the
and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of selectorized
machinemustpassthetestswithoutadjustmentfromthisinitial
strength equipment assembled and maintained according to the
condition. Selectorized strength equipment shall be provided
manufacturer’s specifications. Use of these test methods in
with the largest weight stack offered by the manufacturer for
conjunction with Specification F2216 is intended to maximize
the model to be tested.
the reliability of selectorized strength equipment design and
7.2 The individual test methods will describe any variations
reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design defi-
or modifications that are required to the test sample.
ciencies.
8. Test Methods and Procedures
5. Certification
8.1 Stability:
5.1 These test methods permit self-certification. It is recom-
8.1.1 Selectorized strength equipment shall be tested with
mended that each manufacturer employ an independent labo-
and without the simulated user load in the orientation that is
ratory to evaluate and validate that their designs and test
most obviously unstable.
procedures conform and comply to these test methods and
8.1.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—Refer to Fig. 1. Place sample
Specification F2216.
on a non-skid surface inclined at 10° in the orientation that is
least stable. The sample shall rest on the supporting surface
without anchoring unless the installation instructions for the
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. machine require that the sample be anchored to the floor. If this
F2277–03
is the case, then anchor the specimen per the manufacturer’s 8.2.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
recommendations. Determine how the user is placed on the about either the precision or bias of test 8.2 for evaluating
machine to perform the exercise (that is, seating, standing, or sharp edges since the test result is non-quantitative.
prone) and then determine how the user’s body weight is
8.3 Corner Sharpness:
distributed onto the user support surfaces. For the simulated
8.3.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure
use test, a method of applying a steady state load equal to 100
that all corners in the accessible areas are radiused or cham-
kg (220 lb) simulating the user’s weight and its distribution in
fered.
the vertical direction at the point(s) of user contact must be
8.3.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
provided. As an example, for a seated user, the user support
described in 7.1.
surface shall be adjusted to the uppermost position (if adjust-
8.3.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual inspec-
able) and the center of gravity of the 100 kg (220 lb) load shall
tion only.
be positioned approximately 300 mm (12 in.) above the user
8.3.4 Procedure—Inspect all corners to verify that the
support surface. Possible methods of providing this load
corners have been radiused or chamfered.
include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or dead
8.3.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—All corners in the accessible area
weights.
shall be radiused or chamfered.
8.1.3 Calibration—Using an angle measuring instrument
8.3.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
accurate to within 0.1°, verify the non-skid surface is 10 6
about either the precision or bias of test 8.3 for evaluating
0.5°. Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm
corners since the test result is non-quantitative.
accuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) over entire 981 N (220 lb)
8.4 Tube Ends and Non-Functional Holes:
range.
8.4.1 Thistestisavisualinspectionoftheunittoensurethat
8.1.4 Procedure—Test the sample as follows:
alltubeendsandnon-functionalholesintheaccessibleareaare
8.1.4.1 With the sample machine (no user load applied)
closed off.
positionedonthetiltsurface,verifythatthesampledoesnottip
8.4.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
over with the resistance means in the rest position.
described in 7.1.
8.1.4.2 Using the aforementioned load apparatus, distribute
8.4.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual inspec-
a vertical load equal to 100 kg (220 lb) 6 5 % in a non-impact
tion only.
manner to the specimen where the user contacts the machine
8.4.4 Procedure—Inspect all tube ends and surfaces in the
during normal operation. (If only a portion of the user’s body
accessible area to verify that the ends and non-functional holes
is supported by the machine during operation, the 100 kg (220
areclosedoffbyothercomponents,caps,plugs,orcovers.Seat
lb) simulated user weight shall be reduced by the appropriate
adjustment holes are exempt from this test.
amount.)Raiseandsupporttheliftingarmsandweightstackto
8.4.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—All tube ends in the accessible
simulate the furthest point in the range of travel as encountered
area shall be closed off or the EN 957-1 test probe shall not be
during normal operation of the machine by a user of 1.8 m (74
able to be inserted.
in.) stature. Verify that the sample does not tip over.
8.4.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
8.1.4.3 Repeat 8.1.4.1 and 8.1.4.2 with the sample oriented
about either the precision or bias of test in 8.4 for evaluating
in any other directions of potential instability.
tube end closure since the test result is non-quantitative.
8.1.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—In none of the above test condi-
8.5 Weight Stack Travel:
tions shall the sample tip over.
8.5.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure
8.1.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
that the weight stack travels freely along its guide means and
about either the precision or bias of test 8.1 for measuring
returns to its initial position after the displacing force has been
stability since the test result is non-quantitative.
removed.
8.2 Edge Sharpness:
8.5.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
8.2.1 The purpose of this test is to verify that there are no
described in 7.1.
edges in the accessible area that would constitute a risk of
8.5.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual inspec-
injury. Where there is uncertainty, a sharp-edge tester as
tion only.
specified by UL 1439 is to be employed.
8.5.4 Procedure—Move the lifting arm through its range of
8.2.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
travel and verify that the weight stack moves along a guide
described in 7.1.
means in a controlled manner and returns to its initial position
8.2.3 Calibration—Calibrate sharp-edge tester per as the lifting arm is returned to its initial rest position.
UL 1439.
8.5.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—The weight stack must begin and
end the test in the same rest position and must not move unless
8.2.4 Procedure—Examine the accessible areas by visual
and tactile means to ensure all parts are burr-free, rounded, or it is displaced intentionally by a lifting force applied to the
otherwise insufficiently sharp to constitute a risk of injury. lifting arm.
Wherever there may be uncertainty as to the sharpness of an
8.5.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
edge, use the edge tester and conduct the test per UL 1439.
about either the precision or bias of test in 8.5 for evaluating
weight stack travel since the test result is non-quantitative.
8.2.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Use the pass/fail criteria of
UL 1439 to determine if the sample passes this test. 8.6 Weight Stack Selector Pin Retention:
F2277–03
8.6.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of the nisms that contact the user during normal operation of the
weight stack selector pin to ensure that the design features a machine shall fail the test.
retention device and that it functions properly.
8.7.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
8.6.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
about either the precision or bias of test in 8.7 for evaluating
described in 7.1. Obtain instructions or a descriptive explana-
adjustment/locking system design and function since the test
tion of the function of the weight stack selector pin from the
result is non-quantitative.
manufacturer.
8.8 Handgrip Design and Retention:
8.6.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual and
8.8.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of the
function inspection only.
handgrips used on the sample.The purpose is to ensure that the
8.6.4 Procedure—Inspect the weight stack selector pin and
handgrip design maintains the user’s grip, remains in position,
ensure that it features a retention device that will not allow the
and in the case of rotating handgrips is retained against lateral
pin to be removed from the weight stack unless it is intention-
movement during use of the machine.
ally removed. Examples of retention devices include, but are
8.8.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
not limited to, spring activated detent balls or a physical
described in 7.1. To facilitate this test a separate handgrip/
deformation of the pin and comparable retention zone on the
lifting mechanism replicating the system used on the machine
weight plate. The operation of the retention system shall be
can be set up on a separate test stand. A method of applying a
self-evident. Insert the weight stack selector pin into a weight
steady state force equal to 90 N (20.2 lb) along the longitudinal
on the weight stack and verify that the retention mechanism
direction of the grip shall be used. A method of applying
functions properly.
moisture, such as a spray bottle, to the grip surface shall be
8.6.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Weight stack selector pins that do
provided.
not have a retention means shall fail this test. Retention
8.8.3 Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement appara-
mechanisms that do not function according to the instructions
tus to confirm accuracy to within 6 1 N (0.2 lb) over entire 90
provided by the manufacturer shall fail test.
N (20.2 lb) range. Verify that the measuring device is accurate
8.6.6 Precision and Bias—No informatio
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