ASTM D1464-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is not recommended for acceptance testing because the information obtained is qualitative rather than quantitative in nature.
The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and the green by the thin-walled fibers.
The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many other dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of open bolls in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness, and degree of wall development.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This practice is especially applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns and fabrics.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1464 − 12
Standard Practice for
1
Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope resultant colors are compared with those of cottons of known
dyeing behavior or fiber properties.
1.1 This practice covers a test for the characterization of
certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This practice is especially
5. Significance and Use
applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to
5.1 This practice is not recommended for acceptance testing
cotton yarns and fabrics.
because the information obtained is qualitative rather than
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
quantitative in nature.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5.2 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of
standard.
the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the green by the thin-walled fibers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the
binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many
2. Referenced Documents
other dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
open bolls in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness,
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
and degree of wall development.
D3775 Test Method forWarp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count
of Woven Fabrics 6. Apparatus
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
6.1 Balance,havingacapacityof1000gandasensitivityof
0.05 g.
3. Terminology
6.2 Beakers, preferably of stainless steel, having capacities
3.1 ForallterminologyrelatedtoD13.11,CottonFibers,see
of 400, 1200, 2000, and 3000 mL.
Terminology D7139.
6.3 Clothes Wringer, or Centrifuge.
3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: differ-
ential dyeing behavior.
6.4 Cylinders, graduated, having capacities of 5, 10, 25, 50,
100, and 500 mL or Burets (automatic, screw-top, acid-bottle
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
type preferred).
nology D123.
6.5 Büchner Filter Funnel, coarse, fritted-disk, 80-mm.
4. Summary of Practice
6.6 Source of Suction.
4.1 Specimens are dyed under specified conditions in a bath
6.7 Sewing Machine, or Needle and Thread.
containing a mixture of prescribed red and green dyes. The
6.8 Timer (with Second Hand), or Stop Watch.
6.9 Wiley Mill, laboratory model.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
7. Reagents and Material
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally
7.1 Dyes:
approved in 1957 as 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1464–07.
DOI: 10.1520/D1464-12.
7.1.1 CI Direct Green 26 (Color Index No. 34045), 1 g/100
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mL stock solution.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1.2 CI Direct Red 81 (Color Index No. 28160), 0.5 g/100
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mL stock solution.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D1464 − 12
7.2 Distilled Water. chloride stock solution, per gram of the original total weight.
Replace the specimens in the boiling dye bath for a final 15
7.3 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose, low viscosity.
min. The total dyeing time is 45 min.
7.4 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution (1 %)—
10.4 Lift the dyed specimen from the bath, squeeze, cool,
Dissolve 0.1 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in distilled
and wash with two changes of distilled water at room tempera-
water and dilute to 100 mL.
ture in the proportion of 50 mL of water to1gofair-dry total
NOTE 1—Any commercially available distilled water or water singly
weight. Squeeze out the excess water and pull apart the mat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1464–07
Standard Test Method for Designation: D1464 – 12
Standard Practice for
1
Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This test method is especially
applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns and fabrics.
1.2
1.1 This practice covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton.This practice is especially applicable
to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns and fabrics.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
D3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, Cotton Fibers, see Terminology D7139.
3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: differential dyeing behavior.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method Summary of Practice
4.1 Specimensaredyedunderspecifiedconditionsinabathcontainingamixtureofprescribedredandgreendyes.Theresultant
colors are compared with those of cottons of known dyeing behavior or fiber properties.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method practice is not recommended for acceptance testing because the information obtained is qualitative rather
than quantitative in nature (see Section 12). nature.
5.2 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due
to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red dye
is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and the green by the thin-walled fibers.
5.3 The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many other
dyes.The colors from red to green may be influenced by factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of open bolls
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally approved in 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1464–90(2002). DOI:
10.1520/D1464-07.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally approved in 1957 as 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1464–07. DOI:
10.1520/D1464-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1464 – 12
in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness, and degree of wall development.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Balance, having a capacity of 1000 g and a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
6.2 Beakers, preferably of stainless steel, having capacities of 400, 1200, 2000, and 3000 mL.
6.3 Clothes Wringer, or Centrifuge.
6.4 Cylinders, graduated, having capacities of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 mL or Burets (automatic, screw-top, acid-bottle type
preferred).
6.5 Büchner Filter Funnel, coarse, fritted-disk, 80-mm.
6.6 Source of Suction.
6.7 Sewing Machine, or Needle and Thread.
6.8 Timer (with Second Hand), or Stop Watch.
6.9 Wiley Mill, laboratory, intermediate model. , laboratory model.
7. Reagents and Material
7.1 Dyes:
7.1.1 CI Direct Gr
...
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