ASTM E2002-15

Standard Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gauge is intended to provide a means for measuring total image unsharpness and basic spatial image resolution as independently as practicable from the imaging system contrast sensitivity limitations. A similar description of the gauge’s construction may be found in ISO 19232-5. When the duplex gauge is positioned directly on the film or the digital detector without any test object between them, the total image unsharpness or basic spatial image resolution is equivalent to the inherent film or detector unsharpness (Ui) and the basic spatial detector resolution (SRbdetector). Alternatively, line pair gauges with constant bar thickness of high attenuating material can be used to determine total image unsharpness and basic spatial resolution of radiologic imaging systems. They may produce different results up to one wire pair as compared to duplex wire measurements as described in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design and basic use of a gauge used to determine the total image unsharpness and the basic spatial resolution of film radiographs or of digital images taken with CR imaging plates, digital detector arrays, or radioscopic systems.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radiation sources.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The gauge described can be used effectively with tube voltages up to 600 kV. When using source voltages in the megavolt range the results may not be completely satisfactory.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2015
• ICS: 17.180.01 - Optics and optical measurements in general
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2002 − 15
Standard Practice for
Determining Total Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial
1
Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Industrial Radiography
3
2.2 ISO Standards
1.1 This practice covers the design and basic use of a gauge
ISO 19232–1Non-destructive Testing—Image Quality of
used to determine the total image unsharpness and the basic
Radiographs—Part 1: Image Quality Indicators (Wire
spatialresolutionoffilmradiographsorofdigitalimagestaken
Type)—Determination of Image Quality Value
with CR imaging plates, digital detector arrays, or radioscopic
ISO 19232–2Non-destructive Testing—Image Quality of
systems.
Radiographs—Part 2: Image Quality Indicators (Step/
1.2 This practice is applicable to radiographic and radio-
Hole Type)—Determination of Image Quality Value
scopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radia-
ISO 19232–5Non-destructive Testing—Image Quality of
tion sources.
Radiographs—Part 5: Determination of Image Unsharp-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ness Value Using Duplex Wire Type Image Quality
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Indicators
standard.
ISO/IEC 17050–1 Conformity Assessment—Supplier’s
Declaration of Conformity—Part 1: General Require-
1.4 The gauge described can be used effectively with tube
ments
voltages up to 600 kV. When using source voltages in the
2.3 CEN Standard:
megavolt range the results may not be completely satisfactory.
EN-462-5:1996Nondestructive Testing—Image Quality of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Radiographs—Part 5: Image Quality Indicators (Duplex
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Wire Type)—Determination of Total Image Unsharpness
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
Value
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitionsoftermsapplicabletothisprac-
2. Referenced Documents
tice may be found in Terminology E1316.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E747Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Group-
image
3.2.1 basic spatial image resolution (SR ) value—
ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
b
determined from the smallest number of the duplex wire pair,
Used for Radiology
whichisnotseparablebyvisualinspectionorfromthesmallest
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
number of the duplex wire pair with less than 20% modulation
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
1
depthinalinearizedprofile,andcorrespondsto ⁄2·U .U may
dicators (IQI) Used for Radiography
T T
visual 20%
be U or U .
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations T T
E1815Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for
3.2.2 duplex wire type image quality indicator—duplexwire
type image quality indicator (IQI) specifically designed to
assess the total image unsharpness and basic spatial image
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
resolution of a radiograph or a digital image and composed of
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
a series of pairs of wire elements made of high density metal.
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2002-98 (2009).
3
DOI: 10.1520/E2002-15. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Central Secretariat Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
the ASTM website. London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2002 − 15
image
3.2.3 interpolated basic spatial image resolution (iSR ) intoanoverallfigureofmerit.Suchfiguresofmeritmaynotbe
b
value—determined from the modulation values of different adequate to detect subtle changes in the imaging system’s
neighbored duplex
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2002 − 98 (Reapproved 2009) E2002 − 2015
Standard Practice for
Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiologyand
1
Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the design and basic use of a gauge used to determine the total image unsharpness of radiographs and
and the basic spatial resolution of film radiographs or of digital images taken with CR imaging plates, digital detector arrays, or
radioscopic systems.
1.2 This practice is applicable to radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radiation
sources.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 The gauge described can be used effectively with radiation energiestube voltages up to 400 kv.600 kV. When using energies
source voltages in the megavolt range the results may not be completely satisfactory.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1647E1815 Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in RadiologyTest Method for Classification of Film Systems for
Industrial Radiography
3
2.2 ISO Standards
ISO 19232–1 Non-destructive Testing—Image Quality of Radiographs—Part 1: Image Quality Indicators (Wire Type)—
Determination of Image Quality Value
ISO 19232–2 Non-destructive Testing—Image Quality of Radiographs—Part 2: Image Quality Indicators (Step/Hole Type)—
Determination of Image Quality Value
ISO 19232–5 Non-destructive Testing—Image Quality of Radiographs—Part 5: Determination of Image Unsharpness Value
Using Duplex Wire Type Image Quality Indicators
ISO/IEC 17050–1 Conformity Assessment—Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity—Part 1: General Requirements
2.3 ENCEN Standard:
EN-462-5:1994EN-462-5:1996 Nondestructive Testing—Image Quality of Radiographs—Part 5: Image Quality Indicators
4
(Duplex Wire Type)—Determination of Total Image Unsharpness Value
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009July 1, 2015. Published July 2009 September 2015. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
E2002 - 98 (2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E2002-98R09.10.1520/E2002-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland,
http://www.iso.org.
4
Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2002 − 2015
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applicable to this practice may be found in Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
image
3.2.1 basic spatial image resolution (SR ) value—determined from the smallest number of the duplex wire pair, which is
b
not separable by visual inspection or from the smallest number of the duplex wire pair with less than 20% modulation depth in
visual 20%
1
a linearized profile, and corresponds to ⁄2 ·U . U may be U or U .
T T T T
3.2.2 duplex wire t
...