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ASTM D7264/D7264M-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines the flexural properties (including strength, stiffness, and load/deflection behavior) of polymer matrix composite materials under the conditions defined. Procedure A is used for three-point loading and Procedure B is used for four-point loading. This test method was developed for optimum use with continuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites and differs in several respects from other flexure methods, including the use of a standard span-to-thickness ratio of 32:1 versus the 16:1 ratio used by Test Methods D 790 (a plastics-focused method covering three-point flexure) and D 6272 (a plastics-focused method covering four-point flexure).
This test method is intended to interrogate long-beam strength in contrast to the short-beam strength evaluated by Test Method D 2344/D 2344M.
Flexural properties determined by these procedures can be used for quality control and specification purposes, and may find design applications.
These procedures can be useful in the evaluation of multiple environmental conditions to determine which are design drivers and may require further testing.
These procedures may also be used to determine flexural properties of structures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the flexural stiffness and strength properties of polymer matrix composites.
1.1.1 Procedure A—A three-point loading system utilizing center loading on a simply supported beam.
1.1.2 Procedure B—A four-point loading system utilizing two load points equally spaced from their adjacent support points, with a distance between load points of one-half of the support span.
Note 1—Unlike Test Method D 6272, which allows loading at both one-third and one-half of the support span, in order to standardize geometry and simplify calculations this standard permits loading at only one-half the support span.
1.2 For comparison purposes, tests may be conducted according to either test procedure, provided that the same procedure is used for all tests, since the two procedures generally give slightly different property values.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2007
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.04 - Lamina and Laminate Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7264/D7264M-06 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7905/D7905M-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007

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ASTM D7264/D7264M-07 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite MaterialsASTM D7264/D7264M-07 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
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ASTM D7264/D7264M-07 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7264/D7264M − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7264/D7264M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
als
1.1 This test method determines the flexural stiffness and
D2344/D2344M Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of
strength properties of polymer matrix composites.
PolymerMatrixCompositeMaterialsandTheirLaminates
1.1.1 Procedure A—A three-point loading system utilizing
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
center loading on a simply supported beam.
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
1.1.2 Procedure B—A four-point loading system utilizing
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
two load points equally spaced from their adjacent support
Composite Materials
points, with a distance between load points of one-half of the
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
support span.
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
NOTE 1—Unlike Test Method D6272, which allows loading at both
tion
one-third and one-half of the support span, in order to standardize
D6272 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
geometry and simplify calculations this standard permits loading at only
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
one-half the support span.
als by Four-Point Bending
1.2 For comparison purposes, tests may be conducted ac-
D6856 Guide for Testing Fabric-Reinforced “Textile” Com-
cording to either test procedure, provided that the same
posite Materials
procedure is used for all tests, since the two procedures
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
generally give slightly different property values.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
terials
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
Lot or Process
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
standard.
ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2 Other Documents:
2. Referenced Documents ANSI Y14.5-1999 Dimensioning and Tolerancing—
3
2
Includes Inch and Metric
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ANSI B46.1-1995 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
3
Waviness and Lay)
3. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines the terms re-
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods.
lating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminol-
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
ogy E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminol-
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7264/D7264M – 06.
ogy E456 and Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics.
DOI: 10.1520/D7264_D7264M-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7264/D7264M − 07
In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878
shall have p
...

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.  
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1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.  
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1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
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Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 QSI testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5 These are typically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is run slowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damage events with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the force history. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.  
5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testing if all others parameters are held constant.  
5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force.  
5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax , Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve.  
5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage in the specimen.  
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.  
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u...

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    English language
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