ASTM D3916-94
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Pultruded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Rod
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Pultruded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Rod
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the tensile properties of pultruded, glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 3.2 mm (1/ 8 in.) to 25.4 mm (1 in.). Little test specimen preparation is required; however, reusable aluminum tab grip adapters (Fig. 1) of appropriate size are required to prevent premature failure of the specimens at the grips.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Note 3 and Note 4.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 3916 – 94 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Pultruded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Plastic Rod
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3916; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the rod, thus overcoming the deleterious influence of conven-
tional test grips.
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
3.2 Tensile properties are influenced by specimen prepara-
the tensile properties of pultruded, glass-fiber-reinforced ther-
1 tion, strain rate, thermal history, and the environmental condi-
mosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
tions at the time of testing. Consequently, where precise
to 25.4 mm (1 in.). Little test specimen preparation is required;
comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully
however, reusable aluminum tab grip adapters (Fig. 1) of
controlled.
appropriate size are required to prevent premature failure of the
3.3 Tensile properties provide useful data for many engi-
specimens at the grips.
neering design purposes. However, due to the high sensitivity
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
of these properties to strain rate, temperature, and other
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
environmental conditions, data obtained by this test method
only.
should not, by themselves, be considered for applications
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
involving load-time scales or environmental conditions that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
differ widely from the test conditions. In cases where such
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dissimilarities are apparent, the sensitivities to strain rate,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
including impact and creep, as well as to environment, should
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
be determined over a wide range of conditions as dictated by
statements are given in Note 3 and Note 4.
the anticipated service requirements.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
4. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Water-Cooled Diamond or Tungsten-Carbide Saw, for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cutting rod to size.
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
4.2 Micrometer, reading to at least 0.025 6 0.000 mm
Insulating Materials for Testing
(0.001 6 0.000 in.), for measuring the width and thickness of
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
the test specimens. The thickness of nonrigid plastics should be
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
measured with a dial micrometer that exerts a pressure of 25 6
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
kPa (3.6 6 0.7 psi) on the specimen and measures the thickness
someters
to within 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). The anvil of the micrometer
shall be at least 30 mm (1.4 in.) in diameter and parallel to the
3. Significance and Use
face of the contact foot.
3.1 The high axial-tensile strength and the low transverse-
4.3 Universal Testing Machine, verified in accordance with
compressive strength of pultruded rod combine to present some
Practices E 4, having a capacity of at least 530 kN (120 000
unique problems in determining the tensile strength of this
lbf) to permit the testing of 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter rod.
material with conventional test grips. The high transverse-
Smaller-diameter rod may be tested on lower-capacity equip-
compressive forces generated in the conventional method of
ment, commensurate with the anticipated tensile strength of
gripping tend to crush the rod, thereby causing premature
such rod.
failure. In this test method, aluminum-alloy tabs contoured to
4.4 Extensometer—A suitable instrument for determining
the shape of the rod reduce the compressive forces imparted to
the distance between two designated points located within the
gage length of the test specimen as the specimen is stretched.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics It is desirable, but not essential, that this instrument automati-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
cally record this distance (or any change in it) as a function of
ting Plastics.
the load on the test specimen or of the elapsed time from the
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994. Originally
published as D 3916 – 80. Last previous edition D 3916 – 84 (1988). start of the test, or both. If only the latter is obtained, load-time
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
data must also be taken. This instrument shall be essentially
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3916
NOTE 1—Sandblast Clamp Face with 100-mesh Carbide at 100 psi.
FIG. 1 General Schematic of Tab Grip Adapters
free of inertia lag at the specified speed of testing and shall be cedure A of Practice D 618.
accurate to 61 % of strain or better. 6.2 Tests at other than standard laboratory atmospheric
conditions should be described, including time (hours), tem-
NOTE 2—Reference is made to Practice E 83.
perature, and test environment, such as watersoak, etc. Tests
4.5 One Pair of 6061 – T6 Aluminum-Alloy Tab Grip Adapt-
should be made as near to these conditions as possible.
ers, as described in Fig. 1 and Table 1, to fit in split wedge-type
7. Number of Test Specimens
action jaws of the testing machine.
7.1 At least five specimens shall be tested for each sample.
4.6 Solvent, such as methylene chloride, for cleaning the
gripping surfaces of the aluminum-alloy tab grip adapters to When specimens are preconditioned (for example, water-
boiled or oven-aged) prior to test, five specimens per sample
remove any mold release, oil, or other foreign material that
might act as a lubricant. The improper use of solvents can shall be tested for each condition employed.
present hazardous conditions. Use of proper equipment, ven-
8. Procedure
tilation, and training of personnel in proper techniques should
8.1 Measure and record the diameter of the rod specimen at
be practiced to minimize hazards associated with the use of any
several points along its length with a micrometer, noting both
volatile solvent.
the minimum and average values of these measurements.
8.2 Wipe the ends of the specimen and the gripping surfaces
5. Test Specimens
of the aluminum tabs with a cloth saturated with a suitable
5.1 At least five specimens shall be cut from the rod sample
solvent to remove any foreign material that might act as a
of interest. Specimen length shall be as great as possible,
lubricant.
commensurate with the physical limitations of the testing
8.3 Assemble the aluminum tabs to the ends of the speci-
machine.
men, allowing 10 to 20 mm (0.4 to 0.8 in.) of the specimen to
NOTE 3—Caution: When fabricating composite specimens by machin-
extend beyond the tabs at each end, and mount this assembly in
ing operations, a fine dust consisting of particles of fibers or the matrix
the grips of the testing machine, taking care to align the long
material, or both, may be formed. These fine dusts can be a health or safety
axis of the specimen with that of the grips of the machine.
hazard, or both. Adequate protection should be afforded operating person-
8.4 If values of the modulus of elasticity are being deter-
nel and equipment. This may require adequate ventilation or dust
mined, proceed as follows:
collecting facilities, or both, at a minimum.
8.4.1 Attach the extensometer.
6. Conditioning
8.4.2 Start the machine and operate it at a nominal cross-
6.1 Standard conditioning shall be in accordance with Pro- head speed of 5 mm (0.20 in.)/min.
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