ASTM D3025-07(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
Standard Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide guiding principles for the use of reference standard cottons for the standardization of instruments and techniques to obtain reproducible test results (within statistical limits) when the tests are performed on samples of cotton fibers by the same or different operators at the same or different times, both within the same laboratory and in different laboratories.
5.2 Results obtained on cotton fiber tests on the same sample may vary widely due to differences in instruments and operator techniques. Some variation in test result levels can be controlled by the physical adjustment of instruments in accordance with manufacturers' instruction. Instrument adjustments are made only to cause instrument values to coincide with specified calibration points established by the manufacturer. Other variations in cotton fiber test results are caused by differences in technique used in specimen preparation, errors in reading test values from scales, variation in the reference standard, and sampling errors in specimen selection. It is necessary that the mean value of at least four sets of determinations per operator-instrument be used in order to form a sound basis for any adjustment of technique or for the use of correction factors.4
5.3 In comparing results of different operators and different laboratories, for example, between the purchaser and the seller, it is essential that all results be obtained on replicate specimens. Values obtained on individual samples, as well as on a reference standard are never absolute, but have a normal variation about their mean due to heterogeneity of the sample. Therefore confidence limits of a test value are dependent upon the within laboratory variance for the test and the sampling error. The level of the results in different laboratories will be comparable only to the extent of the use of the same reference standards in both laboratories.
5.4 Any one set of determinations on a reference s...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of reference standard cottons for the standardization of instruments and techniques used to test cotton fibers in various laboratories.
1.2 Standardization may be achieved by application of a correction factor based on the reference standards, or by modification of the technique in use.
Note 1: When reference standards are used to develop correction factors, or to adjust an operator's technique, no instrument calibration processes are involved. The term “Calibration” is properly used for the application or assignment of permanent scales or marks to an instrument. Adjustments can be made to specific instruments and accessories such as orifices, metallic strips, or cellophane sheets, in order to obtain the prescribed values with a specific instrument. Since an operator's technique or the interpretation of a method or procedure is inherently variable, it cannot be calibrated, that is, assigned a permanent, definite value. The use of reference standards, however, affords a means for standardizing techniques and checking the reliability of observed results.
1.3 This practice recognizes two types of reference standards: (1) calibration cotton standards (see 6.1) and (2) working cotton standards (see 6.2).
1.4 The instructions included in this practice can be used with cotton fibers in any form suitable for testing with the particular instrument to be used.
1.5 The instructions in the practice are applicable to cotton fibers but can also be applied to specific blends of cotton and other fibers, or to other fibers that can be tested with the instruments designed for testing cotton fibers. No information is available, however, to show that test procedures standardized with reference cotton samples are equally reliable with various cotton fiber blends or with other fibers.
Note 2: Standardization procedures covered in this practice are recommended for use with the following: Test M...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3025 − 07 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of
Calibration Cotton Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This practice covers the use of reference standard
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cottons for the standardization of instruments and techniques
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
used to test cotton fibers in various laboratories.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Standardization may be achieved by application of a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
correction factor based on the reference standards, or by
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
modification of the technique in use.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 1—When reference standards are used to develop correction
factors, or to adjust an operator’s technique, no instrument calibration
processes are involved. The term “Calibration” is properly used for the
2. Referenced Documents
application or assignment of permanent scales or marks to an instrument.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Adjustments can be made to specific instruments and accessories such as
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
orifices, metallic strips, or cellophane sheets, in order to obtain the
prescribedvalueswithaspecificinstrument.Sinceanoperator’stechnique
D1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of
or the interpretation of a method or procedure is inherently variable, it
Cotton Fibers (Array Method)
cannot be calibrated, that is, assigned a permanent, definite value.The use
D1445 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
of reference standards, however, affords a means for standardizing
Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
techniques and checking the reliability of observed results.
D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
1.3 This practice recognizes two types of reference stan-
Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
dards: (1) calibration cotton standards (see 6.1) and (2)
D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fi-
working cotton standards (see 6.2).
bers (Withdrawn 2020)
1.4 The instructions included in this practice can be used
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
with cotton fibers in any form suitable for testing with the
particular instrument to be used.
3. Terminology
1.5 The instructions in the practice are applicable to cotton
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.11, Cotton Fibers,
fibers but can also be applied to specific blends of cotton and
refer to Terminology D7139.
other fibers, or to other fibers that can be tested with the
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
instruments designed for testing cotton fibers. No information
calibration cotton standard, reference standard, working cotton
isavailable,however,toshowthattestproceduresstandardized
standard.
with reference cotton samples are equally reliable with various
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
cotton fiber blends or with other fibers.
Terminology D123.
NOTE 2—Standardization procedures covered in this practice are
recommended for use with the following: Test Methods D1440, D1445,
4. Summary of Practice
D1447, and D1448.
4.1 Testing instruments are adjusted in accordance with
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
engineering principles to ensure that they correspond properly
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D3025–07(2012). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D3025-07R21. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3025 − 07 (2021)
to the manufacturer’s calibration scales and instructions for the determination of the test level. Caution should be exercised in
operation of the instrument. the adjustment of instrument or technique on the basis of
preliminary results on the working cotton standard or calibra-
4.2 Technicians are instructed to operate testing instruments
tion cotton standard because of the variation within these
in a consistent manner utilizing appropriate prescribed ASTM
reference standards.
methods.
5.5 When the mean value of the initial test results on a
4.3 Specimens of the working cotton standard or calibration
reference standard cotton falls within one unit standard devia-
cotton standard are tested before and periodically during the
tion of the established values, testing may be started on
routine testing of cotton samples using the same techniques for
samples of cotton fiber to be tested. If the mean value does not
all specimens tested.
fall within one standard deviation unit, recheck the instrument
4.4 Observed values for samples tested are adjusted through
adjustments and test an additional set of test specimens from
use of a correction factor calculated from observed values
thereferencestandardcotton.Themeanvalueofthesetwosets
obtained on reference standards to secure comparative level of
of determinations, where instrument checks have shown the
measurement.
adjustments (instruments) to be in order, may then be used as
a basis for modification of technique, or if correction factors
5. Significance and Use
are to be used, the basis for the initiation of testing of unknown
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide guiding
samples. Correction factors should be based on determinations
principles for the use of reference standard cottons for the
made before, during, and at the completion of routine testing.
standardization of instruments and techniques to obtain repro-
6. Reference Samples
ducible test results (within statistical limits) when the tests are
performed on samples of cotton fibers by the same or different
6.1 Calibration Cotton Standards:
operators at the same or different times, both within the same
6.1.1 Calibration cotton standards are furnished with a
laboratory and in different laboratories.
statement of the mean values for one or more physical
characteristics, along with the precision of the quoted mean
5.2 Results obtained on cotton fiber tests on the same
value. Such standards should be used only for those physical
sample may vary widely due to differences in instruments and
characteristics for which mean values have been furnished.
operator techniques. Some variation in test result levels can be
controlled by the physical adjustment of instruments in accor-
6.2 Working Cot
...
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