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ASTM D977-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt

Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for thirteen grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated. The emulsified asphalts shall be homogeneous after thorough mixing and shall be tested within 14 days of delivery. Asphalts separated by freezing shall no longer be tested. Materials shall be appropriately sampled and tested, and shall conform accordingly to the following physical requirements: viscosity; storage stability; demulsibility; coating ability and water resistance; cement mixing; residue by distillation; oil distillate; ductility; solubility in trichloroethylene; and behavior during sieve, penetration, and float tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thirteen grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2005
ICS
75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.41 - Emulsified Asphalt Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D977-03 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D977-12 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4215-21 - Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Asphalt Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7404-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Emulsified Asphalt Residue by Moisture Balance Analyzer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5505-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7497-21 - Standard Practice for Recovering Residue from Emulsified Asphalt Using Low-Temperature Evaporative Technique
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7226-13(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D244-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1369-19 - Standard Practice for Quantities of Materials for Asphalt-Aggregate Surface Treatments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5360-15 - Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Bituminous Surface Treatments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3628-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Selection and Use of Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7196-23 - Standard Test Method for Raveling Test of Cold-Mixed Emulsified Asphalt Samples
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3910-21 - Standard Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4223/D4223M-20 - Standard Practices for Preparation of Test Specimens of Asphalt-Stabilized Soils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4057-22 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005

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ASTM D977-05 - Standard Specification for Emulsified AsphaltASTM D977-05 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
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ASTM D977-05 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D977 – 05
Standard Specification for
1
Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope thorough mixing provided separation has not been caused by
freezing. Emulsified asphalts separated by freezing shall not be
1.1 This specification covers thirteen grades of emulsified
tested.
asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner
3.2 Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirements
designated.
prescribed in Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Sampling
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Samples of emulsified asphalt shall be taken in accor-
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
dance with Practice D140.
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
4.2 Samples shall be stored in clean, airtight sealed contain-
D3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of
ers as specified in Practice D140 at a temperature of not less
Slurry Seal
than 4°C (39.2°F) until tested.
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of
Emulsified Asphalts
5. Test Methods
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified
5.1 The properties of the emulsified asphalts given in Table
Asphalts (Sieve Test)
1 shall be determined in accordance with the followingASTM
D6935 Test Method for Determining Cement Mixing of
test methods:
Emulsified Asphalt
5.1.1 Viscosity—Test Methods D244.
D6936 Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of
5.1.2 Storage Stability—Test Method D6930.
Emulsified Asphalt
5.1.3 Demulsibility—Test Method D6936.
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
5.1.4 Coating Ability and Water Resistance—Test Methods
3. Requirements D244.
5.1.5 Cement Mixing—Test Methods D6935.
3.1 The emulsified asphalt shall be tested within 14 days of
5.1.6 Sieve Test—Test Method D6933, except use distilled
delivery. The emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous after
water in all wetting and washing operations in place of the
nonionic surfactant solution (1 %).
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
5.1.7 Distillation—Test Method D6997.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.41 on
5.1.8 Tests on Residue from Distillation—Test Methods
Emulsified Asphalt Specifications.
D244.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D977-03. DOI: 10.1520/D0977-
05. 6. Keywords
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 anionic; emulsion; emulsified asphalt; high float; me-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dium setting; rapid setting; slow setting
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D977 – 05
2
TABLE 1 Requirements for Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—QS-1H emulsions shall meet the requirements outlined in Practices D3910 .
NOTE 2—QS-1h is used for Quick Set Slurry Seal systems.
Rapid-Setting Medium-Setting
Type RS-1 RS-2 HFRS-2 MS-1 MS-2 MS-2h
Grade min max min max min max min max min max min max
Tests on emulsions:
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 25°C 20 100 . . . . 20 100 100 . 100 .
(77°F), SFS
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 50°C . . 75 400 75 400 . . . . . .
(122°F), SFS
A
Storage stability test, 24-h, % . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1
Demulsibility, 35 ml, 0.02 N CaCl , % 60 . 60 . 60 . . . . . . .
2
Coating ability and water resistance:
Coating, dry aggregate . . . good good good
Coating, after spraying . . . fair fair fair
Coating, wet aggregate . . . fair fair fair
Coating, after spraying . . . fair fair fair
Cement mixing test, % . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
Sieve test, % . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10
Residue by distillation, % 55 . 63 . 63 . 55 . 65 . 65 .
Oil distillate by volume of emulsion, % . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tests on residue from distillation test:
Penetration, 25°C (77°F), 100g, 5 s 100 200 100 200 100 200 100 200 100 200 40 90
Ductility, 25°C (77°F) 5 cm/min, cm 40 . 40 . 40 . 40 . 40 . 40 .
Solubility in trichloroethylene, % 97.5 . 97.5 . 97.5 . 97.5 . 97.5 . 97.5 .
Float test, 60°C (140°F), s . .
...

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1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
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5.1 This method indicates approximate change in properties of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150 °C [302 °F] as indicated by viscosity, penetration, or ductility measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the asphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If the mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150 °C [302 °F] level, more or less effect on properties will occur.
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1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7870/D7870M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Moisture Conditioning Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Using Hydrostatic Pore Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides an accelerated conditioning method under cyclic loading. This system is capable of operating at higher than normal temperatures and creating pore pressure within a compacted asphalt mixture to achieve an acceleration of the effects that a mixture would experience over time from traffic at normal temperatures and conditions. The accelerated conditioning in this practice is intended to simulate the stresses induced in a wet pavement by a passing vehicle tire. The pulse shape produced by this system approximates a Lorentzian function with a half peak width of approximately 1 s at 276 kPa [40 psi].  
4.2 The factors that influence the potential for moisture damage to occur include aggregate mineralogy, mixture air voids, water, cyclic applied stress, and elevated temperature. This practice provides a method and apparatus that is capable of producing three of these factors: water, stress, and high temperature. Aggregate mineralogy and air voids are mixture properties.  
4.3 Specimens conditioned by this system can be tested using a variety of different tests, including Test Method D6931, Test Method D6927, bulk specific gravity difference obtained by Test Method D6926 or D6752/D6752M for before and after conditioning, dynamic modulus, flow number, AASHTO T 378, and visual inspection for stripped aggregates.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptance guideline provides a means of evaluating ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice includes procedures for preparing compacted asphalt mixture specimens, exposing the specimens to hydrostatic pore pressure inside an enclosed chamber, and guidance on testing the specimens for the effect of water on the tensile strength or change in other properties of the asphalt mixture, such as density, modulus, etc.  
1.2 Specimens conditioned according to this practice can be tested using methods and test procedures referenced in this document, and those results may provide information as to the effect of the moisture conditioning of this practice on the moisture sensitivity of those mixtures.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7173-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Separation Tendency of Polymer from Polymer-Modified Asphalt

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purchasers of polymer-modified asphalt need guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer-modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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