ASTM E165/E165M-12

Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence, location and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. Each of the various penetrant methods has been designed for specific uses such as critical service items, volume of parts, portability or localized areas of examination. The method selected will depend accordingly on the design and service requirements of the parts or materials being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examination of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance testing. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant inspection is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2012
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.03 - Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E165/E165M −12
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E165/E165M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
2
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examina-
conformance with the standard.
tion of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
methodfordetectingdiscontinuitiesthatareopentothesurface
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
final, and maintenance testing. It can be effectively used in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and
nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as non-
porous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain 2. Referenced Documents
3
nonporous plastics, and glass.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This practice also provides a reference: D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process
E516Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors
recommended or required by individual organizations can be
Used in Gas Chromatography
reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
D808Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum
1.2.2 Foruseinthepreparationofprocessspecificationsand
Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
andmaterials.Agreementbythecustomerrequestingpenetrant
D1552TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(High-
inspection is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice
Temperature Method)
may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering
D4327Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion
organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the
Chromatography
cognizant engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel E433Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-
tion
concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for
Testing
evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It
E1208Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Process
been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then
E1209Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code,
Using the Water-Washable Process
standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
E1210Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
location, and direction of indications considered acceptable,
Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process
and those considered unacceptable.
E1219Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Using the Solvent-Removable Process
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
E1220Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using Solvent-
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Removable Process
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1 E1417Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally
3
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E165-09. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E0165-12. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recom- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mended Test Method SE-165 in the Code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © AST
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E165–09 Designation: E165/E165M – 12
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E165/E165M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 Thispractice coversproceduresforpenetrantexaminationofmaterials.Penetranttestingisanondestructivetestingmethod
for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through
leaks,orlackoffusionandisapplicabletoin-process,final,andmaintenancetesting.Itcanbeeffectivelyusedintheexamination
of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully
densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed
to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and
materials.Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant inspection is strongly recommended.All areas of this practice may be
open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant
engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should
be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this
purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of
indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
E516 Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors Used in Gas Chromatography
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
E433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1208 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Process
E1209 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Water-Washable Process
E1210 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009.June 15, 2012. Published July 2009.2012. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as E165-029.
DOI: 10.1520/E0165-09.10.1520/E0165-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recommended Test Method SE-165 in the Code.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E165/E165M – 12
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E165/E165M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 Thispractice coversproceduresforpenetrantexaminationofmaterials.Penetranttestingisanondestructivetestingmethod
for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through
leaks,orlackoffusionandisapplicabletoin-process,final,andmaintenancetesting.Itcanbeeffectivelyusedintheexamination
of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully
densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed
to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and
materials.Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant inspection is strongly recommended.All areas of this practice may be
open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant
engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should
be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this
purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of
indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
E516 Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors Used in Gas Chromatography
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
E433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1208 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Process
E1209 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Water-Washable Process
E1210 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process
E1219 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable Process
E1220 Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using Solvent-Removable Process
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Methods.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune15,2012.PublishedJuly2012.Originallyapprovedin1960.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asE165-09.DOI:10.1520/E0165-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recommended Test Method SE-165 in the Code.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, ref
...