ASTM D2711-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
Standard Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test provides a guide for determining the demulsibility characteristic of lubricating oils that are prone to water contamination and may encounter the turbulence of pumping and circulation capable of producing water-in-oil emulsions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ability of oil and water to separate from each other. It is intended for use in testing medium and high-viscosity lubricating oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2711 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* separate into its components after the mixture has been
vigorously agitated. D4175
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ability
of oil and water to separate from each other. It is intended for
4. Summary of Test Method
use in testing medium and high-viscosity lubricating oils.
4.1 For Oils That Do Not Contain Extreme Pressure (EP)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Additives—A 405 mL sample of the oil and 45 mL of distilled
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
water are stirred together for 5 min at 82 °C in a special
standard.
graduated separatory funnel.After a 5 h settling period follow-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing the stirring, a percentage of the water in the oil and the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
volumes of water and emulsion separating from the oil are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measured and recorded.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 For Oils That Contain Extreme Pressure (EP)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Additives—A 360 mL sample of the oil and 90 mL of distilled
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
water are stirred together for 5 min at 82 °C in a special
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
graduated separatory funnel.After a 5 h settling period follow-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing the stirring, percentage of water in the oil and the volumes
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ofwaterandemulsionseparatingfromtheoilaremeasuredand
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
recorded.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This test provides a guide for determining the demulsi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bility characteristic of lubricating oils that are prone to water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
contamination and may encounter the turbulence of pumping
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
and circulation capable of producing water-in-oil emulsions.
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
6. Apparatus
Fuels, and Lubricants
6.1 Stirrer, constructed from parts shown in Figs. 1-3.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—An air pressure driven motor is suggested to avoid any
potential electrical sparking hazard.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer 6.2 Special Graduated Separatory Funnel, as shown in Fig.
to Terminology D4175.
4.
3.1.2 demulsibility, n—in petroleum products, the ability of
6.3 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep to permit the
a mixture of liquids (usually hydrocarbons and water) to
immersion of at least two test separatory funnels in the bath
liquid up to their 500 mL graduation mark. The bath shall be
capable of maintaining a temperature of 82 °C 6 1 °C and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
shall be so equipped to hold the separatory funnels securely in
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.01 on Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants. a position so that the vertical axis of the stirrer corresponds to
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
thecenterlineoftheseparatoryfunnelduringthemixingofthe
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2711 – 17. DOI:
oil and water.
10.1520/D2711-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 2—The use of silicone oil as a bath medium is discouraged, since
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
any contamination into the oil/water mixture may cause erroneous results.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.4 Centrifuge, as described in Test Method D1796.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2711 − 17 D2711 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ability of oil and water to separate from each other. It is intended for use in
testing medium and high-viscosity lubricating oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 demulsibility, n—in petroleum products, the ability of a mixture of liquids (usually hydrocarbons and water) to separate into
its components after the mixture has been vigorously agitated. D4175
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 For Oils That Do Not Contain Extreme Pressure (EP) Additives—A 405 mL sample of the oil and 45 mL of distilled water
are stirred together for 5 min at 82 °C in a special graduated separatory funnel. After a 5 h settling period following the stirring,
a percentage of the water in the oil and the volumes of water and emulsion separating from the oil are measured and recorded.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.01 on Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2022. Published June 2017November 2022. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
D2711 – 11.D2711 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D2711-17.10.1520/D2711-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2711 − 22
FIG. 1 Stirrer
4.2 For Oils That Contain Extreme Pressure (EP) Additives—A 360 mL sample of the oil and 90 mL of distilled water are stirred
together for 5 min at 82 °C in a special graduated separatory funnel. After a 5 h settling period following the stirring, percentage
of water in the oil and the volumes of water and emulsion separating from the oil are measured and recorded.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test provides a guide for determining the demulsibility characteristic of lubricating oils that are prone to water
contamination and may encounter the turbulence of pumping and circulation capable of producing water-in-oil emulsions.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Stirrer, constructed from parts shown in Figs. 1-3.
NOTE 1—An air pressure driven motor is suggested to avoid any potential electrical sparking hazard.
6.2 Special Graduated Separatory Funnel, as shown in Fig. 4.
6.3 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep to permit the immersion of at least two test separatory funnels in the bath liquid up
to their 500 mL graduation mark. The bath shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 82 °C 6 1 °C and shall be so equipped
to hold the separatory funnels securely in a position so tha
...
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