ASTM C1252-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading)
Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading)
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the loose uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate. When measured on any aggregate of a known grading, void content provides an indication of that aggregate's angularity, sphericity, and surface texture compared with other fine aggregates tested in the same grading. When void content is measured on an as-received fine-aggregate grading, it can be an indicator of the effect of the fine aggregate on the workability of a mixture in which it may be used.
1.2 Three procedures are included for the measurement of void content. Two use graded fine aggregate (standard grading or as-received grading), and the other uses several individual size fractions for void content determinations:
1.2.1 Standard Graded Sample (Test Method A) -This test method uses a standard fine aggregate grading that is obtained by combining individual sieve fractions from a typical fine aggregate sieve analysis. See the section on Preparation of Test Samples for the grading.
1.2.2 Individual Size Fractions (Test Method B) -This test method uses each of three fine aggregate size fractions: ( ) 2.36 mm (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16); ( ) 1.18 mm (No. 16) to 600 [mu]m (No. 30); and ( ) 600 [mu]m (No. 30) to 300 [mu]m (No. 50). For this test method, each size is tested separately.
1.2.3 As-Received Grading (Test Method C) -This test method uses that portion of the fine aggregate finer than a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.
1.2.4 See the section on Significance and Use for guidance on the method to be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: C 1252 – 98
Standard Test Methods for
Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as
Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and
Grading)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1252; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
loose uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate. B 88 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
When measured on any aggregate of a known grading, void B 88M Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
content provides an indication of that aggregate’s angularity, [Metric]
sphericity, and surface texture compared with other fine aggre- C 29/29M Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in
gates tested in the same grading. When void content is Aggregate
measured on an as-received fine-aggregate grading, it can be an C 117 Test Method for Material Finer Than 75-μm (No.
indicator of the effect of the fine aggregate on the workability 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
of a mixture in which it may be used. C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
1.2 Three procedures are included for the measurement of Aggregates
void content. Two use graded fine aggregate (standard grading C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
or as-received grading), and the other uses several individual Fine Aggregate
size fractions for void content determinations: C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
1.2.1 Standard Graded Sample (Test Method A)—This test Aggregates
method uses a standard fine aggregate grading that is obtained C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
by combining individual sieve fractions from a typical fine for Test Methods for Construction Materials
aggregate sieve analysis. See the section on Preparation of Test C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
Samples for the grading. Testing Size
1.2.2 Individual Size Fractions (Test Method B)—This test C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
method uses each of three fine aggregate size fractions: (a) D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
2.36 mm (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16); (b) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 2.2 ACI Document:
to 600 μm (No. 30); and (c) 600 μm (No. 30) to 300 μm (No. ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology
50). For this test method, each size is tested separately.
3. Terminology
1.2.3 As-Received Grading (Test Method C)—This test
3.1 Terms used in these test methods are defined in Termi-
method uses that portion of the fine aggregate finer than a
4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. nology C 125 or ACI 116R.
1.2.4 See the section on Significance and Use for guidance
4. Summary of Test Method
on the method to be used.
4.1 A nominal 100-mL calibrated cylindrical measure is
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
filled with fine aggregate of prescribed grading by allowing the
standard.
sample to flow through a funnel from a fixed height into the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measure. The fine aggregate is struck off and its mass is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determined by weighing. Uncompacted void content is calcu-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lated as the difference between the volume of the cylindrical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measure and the absolute volume of the fine aggregate col-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lected in the measure. Uncompacted void content is calculated
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
C09.20on Normal Weight Aggregates. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
published as C 1252 – 93. Last previous edition C 1252 – 93. Available from the American Concrete Institute, Box 19150, Detroit, MI 48219.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1252
using the bulk dry specific gravity of the fine aggregate. Two determine the specific gravity of the size fractions used in the
runs are made on each sample and the results are averaged.
test.
4.1.1 For a graded sample (Test Method A or Test Method
5.4 Void content information from Test Methods A, B, or C
C) the percent void content is determined directly, and the
will be useful as an indicator of properties such as: the mixing
average value from two runs is reported.
water demand of hydraulic cement concrete; flowability, pum-
4.1.2 For the individual size fractions (Test Method B), the
pability, or workability factors when formulating grouts or
mean percent void content is calculated using the results from
mortars; or, in bituminous concrete, the effect of the fine
tests of each of the three individual size fractions.
aggregate on stability and voids in the mineral aggregate; or the
5. Significance and Use stability of the fine-aggregate portion of a base course aggre-
gate.
5.1 Test Methods A and B provide percent void content
determined under standardized conditions which depends on
6. Apparatus
the particle shape and texture of a fine aggregate. An increase
in void content by these procedures indicates greater angular-
6.1 Cylindrical Measure—A right cylinder of approxi-
ity, less sphericity, or rougher surface texture, or combination
mately 100-mL capacity having an inside diameter of approxi-
thereof. A decrease in void content results is associated with
mately 39 mm and an inside height of approximately 86 mm
more rounded, spherical, or smooth-surfaced fine aggregate, or
made of drawn copper water tube meeting the requirements of
a combination thereof.
Specification B 88, Type M or B 88M, Type C. The bottom of
5.2 Test Method C measures the uncompacted void content
the measure shall be metal at least 6 mm thick, shall be firmly
of the minus 4.75-mm (No. 4) portion of the as-received
sealed to the tubing, and shall be provided with means for
material. This void content depends on grading as well as
aligning the axis of the cylinder with that of the funnel. See
particle shape and texture.
Fig. 1.
5.3 The void content determined on the standard graded
sample (Test Method A) is not directly comparable with the 6.2 Funnel—The lateral surface of the right frustum of a
average void content of the three individual size fractions from
cone sloped 60 6 4° from the horizontal with an opening of
the same sample tested separately (Test Method B). A sample
12.7 6 0.6-mm diameter. The funnel section shall be a piece of
consisting of single size particles will have a higher void
metal, smooth on the inside and at least 38 mm high. It shall
content than a graded sample. Therefore, use either one method
have a volume of at least 200 mL or shall be provided with a
or the other as a comparative measure of shape and texture, and
supplemental glass or metal container to provide the required
identify which test method has been used to obtain the reported
volume. See Fig. 2.
data. Test Method C does not provide an indication of shape
and texture directly if the grading from sample to sample
changes.
5.3.1 The standard graded sample (Test Method A) is most
useful as a quick test which indicates the particle shape
properties of a graded fine aggregate. Typically, the material
used to make up the standard graded sample can be obtained
from the remaining size fractions after performing a single
sieve analysis of the fine aggregate.
5.3.2 Obtaining and testing individual size fractions (Test
Method B) are more time consuming and require a larger initial
sample than using the graded sample. However, Test Method B
provides additional information concerning the shape and
texture characteristics of individual sizes.
5.3.3 Testing samples in the as-received grading (Test
Method C) may be useful in selecting proportions of compo-
nents used in a variety of mixtures. In general, high void
content suggests that the material could be improved by
providing additional fines in the fine aggregate or more
cementitious material may be needed to fill voids between
particles.
5.3.4 The bulk dry specific gravity of the fine aggregate is
used in calculating the void content. The effectiveness of these
test methods of determining void content and its relationship to
particle shape and texture depends on the bulk specific gravity
of the various size fractions being equal, or nearly so. The void
content is actually a function of the volume of each size
fraction. If the type of rock or minerals, or its porosity, in any
of the size fractions varies markedly it may be necessary to FIG. 1 Nominal 100-mL Cylindrical Measure
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1252
with Practices D 75 and Practice C 702, or from sieve analysis
samples used for Test Method C 136, or from aggregate
extracted from a bituminous concrete specimen. For Methods
A and B, wash the sample over a 150-μm (No. 100) or 75-μm
(No. 200) sieve in accordance with Test Method C 117 and
then dry and sieve into separate size fractions in accordance
with the procedures of Test Method C 136. Maintain the
necessary size fractions obtained from one (or more) sieve
analysis in a dry condition in separate containers for each size.
For Method C, dry a split of the as-received sample in
accordance with the drying procedure in Test Method C 136.
8. Calibration of Cylindrical Measure
8.1 Apply a light coat of grease to the top edge of the dry,
empty cylindrical measure. Weigh the measure, grease, and
glass plate. Fill the measure with freshly boiled, deionized
water at a temperature of 18 to 24°C. Record the temperature
of the water. Place the glass plate on the measure, being sure
that no air bubbles remain. Dry the outer surfaces of the
measure and determine the combined mass of measure, glass
plate, grease, and water by weighing. Following the final
weighing, remove the grease and determine the mass of the
clean, dry, empty measure for subsequent tests.
8.2 Calculate the volume of the measure as follows:
1000 M
V5
D
FIG. 2 Suitable Funnel Stand Apparatus with Cylindrical Measure
where:
in Place
V 5 volume of cylinder, mL,
NOTE 1—Pycnometer top C9455 is satisfactory for the funnel section, M 5 net mass of water, g, and
except that the size of the opening has to be enlarged and any burrs or lips D 5 density of water, kg/m (see table in Test Method
that are apparent should be removed by light filing or sanding before use.
C 29/C 29M for density at the temperature used.)
This pycnometer top must be used with a suitable glass jar with the bottom
Determine the volume to the nearest 0.1 mL.
removed (Fig. 2).
NOTE 2—If the volume of the measure is greater than 100.0 mL, it may
6.3 Funnel Stand—A three- or four-legged support capable
be desirable to grind the upper edge of the cylinder until the volume is
of holding the funnel firmly in position with the axis of the
exactly 100.0 mL to simplify subsequent calculations.
funnel colinear (within a 4° angle and a displacement of 2 mm)
with the axis of the cylindrical measure. The funnel opening
9. Preparation of Test Samples
shall be 115 6 2 mm above the top of the cylinder. A suitable
9.1 Test Method A—Standard Graded Sample—Weigh out
arrangement is shown in Fig. 2.
and combine the following quantities of fine aggregate which
6.4 Glass Plate—A square glass plate approximately 60 by
have been dried and sieved in accordance with Test Method
60 mm with a minimum 4-mm thickness used to calibrate the
C 136.
cylindrical measure.
Individual Size Fraction Mass, g
6.5 Pan—A metal or plastic pan of sufficient size to contain
2.36 mm (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16) 44
1.18 mm (No. 16) to 600 μm (No. 30) 57
the funnel stand and to prevent loss of material. The purpose of
600 μm (No. 30) to 300 μm (No. 50) 72
the pan is to catch and retain fine aggregate particles that
300 μm (No. 50) to 150 μm (No. 100) 17
overflow the measure during filling and strike off.
6.6 Metal Spatula, with a blade approximately 100 mm
The tolerance on each of these amounts is 60.2 g.
long, and at least 20 mm wide, with straight edges. The end
9.2 Test Method B—Individual Size Fractions—Prepare a
shall be cut at a right angle to the edges. The straight edge of
separate 190-g sample of fine aggregate, dried and sieved in
the spatula blade is used to strike off the fine aggregate.
accordance with Test Method C 136, for each of the following
6.7 Scale or Balance, accurate and readable to 60.1 g
size fractions:
within the range of use, capable of weighing the cylindrical
Individual Size Fraction Mass, g
measure and its contents.
2.36 mm (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16) 190
1.18 mm (No. 16) to 600 μm (No. 30) 190
7. Sampling
600 μm (No. 30) to 300 μm (No. 50) 190
7.1 Obtain the sample(s) used for this test in accordance
The tolerance on each of these amounts is 61 g. Do not mix
these samples together. Each size is tested separately.
Available from Hogentogler and Co., Inc., 9515 Gerwig, Columbia, MD 21045. 9.3 Test Method C—As Received Grading—Pass the sample
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1252
(dried in accordance with Test Method C 136) through a
F 5 net mass of fine aggregate in measure, g (gross mass
4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Obtain a 190 6 1-g sample of the
minus the mass of the empty measure),
material passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve for test.
G 5 bulk dry specific gravity of fine aggregate, and
9.4 Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate—If the bulk dry U 5 uncompacted voids in the material, %.
specific gravity of fine aggregate from the source is unknown,
11.2 For the standard graded sample (Test Method A)
determine it on the minus 4.75-mm (No. 4) material in
calculate the average uncompacted voids for the two determi-
ac
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