C09.20 - Aggregates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in concrete and other purposes. The values obtained may be compared with specifications, for example Specification C33/C33M, that are designed to indicate the suitability of aggregate proposed for use. Since the precision of this test method is poor (Section 13), it may not be suitable for outright rejection of aggregates without confirmation from other tests more closely related to the specific service intended.  
4.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this test method are usually different for fine and coarse aggregates, and attention is called to the fact that test results by use of the two salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing proper limits in any specifications that include requirements for these tests. The test is usually more severe when magnesium sulfate is used; accordingly, limits for percent loss allowed when magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher than limits when sodium sulfate is used.
Note 2: Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33/C33M establishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which fail to meet requirements based on this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates to estimate their soundness when subjected to weathering action in concrete or other applications. This is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This test method furnishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequate information is not available from service records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditions.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 If the results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this test method, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.2
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternate designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine conformance with provisions of Specification C33 pertaining to the amount of lightweight material in fine and coarse aggregates. A heavy liquid with a specific gravity of 2.0 is used to separate particles which may be classified as coal or lignite. Heavier liquids are to be used to check the percentages of other lightweight particles such as chert and shale having a specific gravity less than 2.40.  
4.2 The test method is useful in identifying porous aggregate particles in research activities or in petrographic analyses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of lightweight particles in aggregate by means of sink-float separation in a heavy liquid of suitable specific gravity.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 6.1.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ground calcium carbonate (GCC, a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. It defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete. If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A1.3 Significance and Use
A1.3.1 This test method provides analytical procedures to determine the major chemical constituents of limestone (see Note 1). The percentages of specific constituents that determine a material’s quality or fitness for use are of significance depending upon the purpose or end use of the material. Results obtained may be used in relation to specification requirements.
Note A1.1: This test method can be applied to other calcareous materials if provisions are made to compensate for known interferences.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to ground calcium carbonate (GCC is a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. The specification defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete.  
1.2 If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
Note 1: American Concrete Institute (ACI) technical documents 201.2R, 318, 332, and 350 contain useful information and code requirements dealing with sulfate exposure in service. Soluble sulfate in water can be determined in accordance with Test Method D516 or Test Method D4130. Percent sulfate by mass in soil can be determined by Test Method C1580.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136/C136M. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136/C136M, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136/C136M. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) from the coarser material with most aggregates. In some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent in the water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is often used to determine bulk density values that are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures.  
4.2 The bulk density also may be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversions in purchase agreements. However, the relationship between degree of compaction of aggregates in a hauling unit or stockpile and that achieved in this test method is unknown. Further, aggregates in hauling units and stockpiles usually contain absorbed and surface moisture (the latter affecting bulking), while this test method determines the bulk density on a dry basis.  
4.3 A procedure is included for computing the percentage of voids between the aggregate particles based on the bulk density determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.  
Note 1: Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate for use in concrete. Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand, or a combination thereof. Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities. Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalis in the cement in amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or concrete. Fine aggregate subjected to five cycles of the soundness test shall have a required weighted average loss. Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or a combination thereof. The sampling and test methods shall be done with grading and fineness modulus test, organic impurities test, effect of organic impurities on strength test, soundness test, clay lumps and friable particles test, coal and lignite test, bulk density of slag test, abrasion of coarse aggregate test, reactive aggregate test, freezing and thawing test, and chert test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.2  
1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished.  
Note 1: This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.  
1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or approved.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is of significance in making a final determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M concerning organic impurities.  
5.2 This test method is applicable to those samples which, when tested in accordance with Test MethodC40/C40M, have produced a supernatant liquid with a color darker than the standard listed in Table 1 of C40/C40M (Organic plate No. 3, Gardner Color Standard No. 14, Circular Disk No. 14 or prepared color solution).  
5.3 Many specifications provide for the acceptance of fine aggregate producing a darker color in the Test Method C40/C40M test, if testing by this test method indicates the strength of the mortar cubes prepared with the unwashed fine aggregate is comparable to the strength of mortar cubes made with the washed fine aggregate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate, whose presence is indicated using Test Method C40/C40M. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with washed and unwashed fine aggregate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitous mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the ratio of mass of an aggregate to the mass of a volume of water equal to the volume of the aggregate particles – also referred to as the absolute volume of the aggregate. It is also expressed as the ratio of the density of the aggregate particles to the density of water. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C29/C29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.  
5.2 Relative density is used to calculate the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate including hydraulic cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M and in Test Method C1252. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used in the determination of surface moisture on fine aggregate by displacement of water in Test Method C70. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used if the aggregate is in a saturated surface-dry condition, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Alternatively, the relative density (specific gravity) (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.  
5.3 Apparent relative density (specific gravity) pertain to the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the particles that is accessible to water. This value is not widely used in construction aggregate technology.  
5.4 Absorption values are used to calculate the change in the mass of an aggregate material due to water absorbed in the pore spaces within the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition, if it is deemed that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential. The laboratory standard for absorption ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density (specific gravity) and the absorption of fine aggregates. The relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent relative density (specific gravity). The OD relative density is determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD relative density and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates that comply with Specification C332 Group I aggregates.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine rapidly the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The result is reported as a methylene blue value in units of mg of methylene blue adsorbed per g of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The methylene blue value is a function of the amount and characteristics of clay minerals present in the test specimen. High methylene blue values indicate increased potential for diminished fine aggregate or mineral filler performance in a cementitious mixture due to the presence of clays.  
Note 1: Results from this test method are not expected to be correlated with those obtained using AASHTO T 330 or EN 933-9. These three test methods are likely to give very different numerical values even though the units are the same. The AASHTO T 330 test is performed only on the fraction of an aggregate passing the 75 μm sieve, the EN 933-9 test is performed only on the fraction finer than 2 mm, and this test is performed on the fraction finer than the 4.75 mm sieve. Therefore, when testing the same fine aggregate source, the AASHTO test method would give the highest methylene blue value because any clay present in the specimen would be concentrated in the fraction finer than the 75 μm sieve. The AASHTO and EN test methods do not take into account the amount of material passing the 75 μm sieve or 2 mm sieve, respectively. For example, a fine aggregate with high methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but low percentage passing the 75 μm sieve may have less effect on concrete performance than a fine aggregate with low methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but a high percentage passing the 75 μm sieve. In contrast, this test method expresses methylene blue value based on the entire fine aggregate or mineral filler specimen. Additionally, the AASHTO and EN test methods use titration to determine the amount of methylene blue of known concentration that is adsorbed by a specimen and requ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a rapid test to determine the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler and can be used both in the laboratory and in the field.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test has been widely used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of various sources of aggregate having similar mineral compositions. The results do not automatically permit valid comparisons to be made between sources distinctly different in origin, composition, or structure. Assign specification limits with extreme care in consideration of available aggregate types and their performance history in specific end uses. The percent loss determined by this test method has no known consistent relationship to the percent loss for the same material when tested by Test Method C535.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing of coarse aggregates with a maximum size smaller than 37.5 mm ([11/2 in.] for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1).  
Note 1: A procedure for testing coarse aggregate larger than 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] is covered in Test Method C535. Thus coarse aggregates with a maximum size between 19 mm [3/4 in.] and 37.5 mm [11/2 in.] may be tested by Test Method C535 or Test Method C131/C131M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The Alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is not widely used. However, it is a convenient procedure for field or plant determination of moisture content of fine aggregate if specific gravity values are known and if drying facilities are not available. It can be used to adjust the aggregate mass for moisture content and to determine surface moisture contribution to mixing water in portland cement concrete.  
4.2 The accuracy of the test method depends upon accurate information on the bulk specific gravity of the material in a saturated surface-dry condition.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers field determination of the amount of surface moisture in fine aggregate by displacement in water.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used in making a preliminary determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M that relate to organic impurities.  
4.2 The principal value of this test method is to furnish a warning that injurious amounts of organic impurities may be present. When a sample subjected to this test produces a color darker than the standard color it is advisable to perform the test for the effect of organic impurities on the strength of mortar in accordance with Test Method C87/C87M.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers special aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration. Aggregates covered by specification include the natural mineral aggregates of either high density or high fixed water content, or both. These include aggregates that contain or consist predominately of materials such as barite, magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, and serpentine. Also included are synthetic aggregates such as iron, steel, ferrophosphorus and boron frit or other boron compounds. Fine aggregate consisting of natural or manufactured sand including high-density minerals. Coarse aggregate may consist of crushed ore, crushed stone, or synthetic products, or combinations or mixture thereof. Aggregates shall meet the required uniformity of specific gravity and fixed water content. The materials shall also meet the required chemical composition for serpentine, limonite, goethite, barite, ilmenite, hematite, magnetite, iron, ferrophosphorus, boron frit, boron carbide, calcium carbide.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers special aggregates and/or high-density aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed for use as aggregates or being used as aggregates. The results are used to determine compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable specification requirements and to provide necessary data for control of the production of various aggregate products and mixtures containing aggregates. The data may also be useful in developing relationships concerning porosity and packing.  
5.2 Accurate determination of material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve cannot be achieved by use of this test method alone. Use Test Method C117 for determination of material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve by washing.  
5.3 Refer to methods of sampling and testing in Specification C637 for heavyweight aggregates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving.  
1.2 Some specifications for aggregates which reference this test method contain grading requirements including both coarse and fine fractions. Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such aggregates.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. Specification E11 cites the following with respect to SI units versus inch-pound units as standard. “The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the wire diameters used in the sieve cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames, pans,” and covers.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is sufficiently accurate for usual purposes, such as adjusting batch quantities of ingredients for concrete. It will generally measure the moisture in the test sample more reliably than the sample can be made to represent the aggregate supply. In cases where the aggregate itself is altered by heat, or where more refined measurement is required, the test should be conducted using a ventilated, controlled temperature oven.  
4.2 Large particles of coarse aggregate, especially those larger than 50 mm, will require greater time for the moisture to travel from the interior of the particle to the surface. The user of this test method should determine by trial if rapid drying methods provide sufficient accuracy for the intended use when drying large size particles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of evaporable moisture in a sample of aggregate by drying both surface moisture and moisture in the pores of the aggregate. Some aggregate may contain water that is chemically combined with the minerals in the aggregate. Such water is not evaporable and is not included in the percentage determined by this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 5.3.1, 7.2.1, and 7.3.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Specifications for aggregates require obtaining representative portions of the supply material for testing. Other factors being equal, larger samples will tend to be more representative of the total supply. This practice provides procedures for reducing the large sample obtained in the field, or produced in the laboratory, to a convenient size for conducting a number of descriptive and quality tests. Failure to carefully follow the procedures in this practice could result in providing a non-representative sample to be used in subsequent testing. The individual test methods provide for minimum amount of material to be tested.  
4.2 Under certain circumstances, reduction in size of the large sample prior to testing is not recommended. Substantial differences between the selected test samples sometimes cannot be avoided, for example, in the case of an aggregate having relatively few large size particles in the sample. The laws of chance dictate that these few particles may be unequally distributed among the reduced size test samples. Similarly, if the test sample is being examined for certain contaminants occurring in only small percentages, caution should be used in interpreting results from the reduced size test sample. Chance inclusion or exclusion of only one or two particles in the selected test sample may importantly influence interpretation of the characteristics of the original sample. In these cases, the entire original sample should be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers three methods for the reduction of large samples of aggregate to the appropriate size for testing. These techniques are intended to minimize variations in measured characteristics between the test samples selected and the large sample.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test has been widely used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of various sources of aggregate having similar mineral compositions. The results do not automatically permit valid comparisons to be made between sources distinctly different in origin, composition, or structure. Assign specification limits with extreme care in consideration of available aggregate types and their performance history in specific end uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers testing sizes of coarse aggregate larger than 19 mm (3/4 in.) for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1).  
Note 1: A procedure for testing coarse aggregate smaller than 37.5 mm (11/2 in.) is covered in Test Method C131/C131M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ground calcium carbonate (GCC, a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. It defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete. If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A1.3 Significance and Use
A1.3.1 This test method provides analytical procedures to determine the major chemical constituents of limestone (see Note 1). The percentages of specific constituents that determine a material’s quality or fitness for use are of significance depending upon the purpose or end use of the material. Results obtained may be used in relation to specification requirements.
Note A1.1: This test method can be applied to other calcareous materials if provisions are made to compensate for known interferences.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to ground calcium carbonate (GCC is a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. The specification defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete.  
1.2 If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
Note 1: American Concrete Institute (ACI) technical documents 201.2R, 318, 332, and 350 contain useful information and code requirements dealing with sulfate exposure in service. Soluble sulfate in water can be determined in accordance with Test Method D516 or Test Method D4130. Percent sulfate by mass in soil can be determined by Test Method C1580.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine conformance with provisions of Specification C33 pertaining to the amount of lightweight material in fine and coarse aggregates. A heavy liquid with a specific gravity of 2.0 is used to separate particles which may be classified as coal or lignite. Heavier liquids are to be used to check the percentages of other lightweight particles such as chert and shale having a specific gravity less than 2.40.  
4.2 The test method is useful in identifying porous aggregate particles in research activities or in petrographic analyses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of lightweight particles in aggregate by means of sink-float separation in a heavy liquid of suitable specific gravity.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 6.1.4.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used in making a preliminary determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M that relate to organic impurities.  
4.2 The principal value of this test method is to furnish a warning that injurious amounts of organic impurities may be present. When a sample subjected to this test produces a color darker than the standard color it is advisable to perform the test for the effect of organic impurities on the strength of mortar in accordance with Test Method C87/C87M.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in concrete and other purposes. The values obtained may be compared with specifications, for example Specification C33/C33M, that are designed to indicate the suitability of aggregate proposed for use. Since the precision of this test method is poor (Section 13), it may not be suitable for outright rejection of aggregates without confirmation from other tests more closely related to the specific service intended.  
4.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this test method are usually different for fine and coarse aggregates, and attention is called to the fact that test results by use of the two salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing proper limits in any specifications that include requirements for these tests. The test is usually more severe when magnesium sulfate is used; accordingly, limits for percent loss allowed when magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher than limits when sodium sulfate is used.
Note 2: Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33/C33M establishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which fail to meet requirements based on this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates to estimate their soundness when subjected to weathering action in concrete or other applications. This is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This test method furnishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequate information is not available from service records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI or inch pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The inch –pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance.  
1.3 Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 If the results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this test method, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.2
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternate designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate for use in concrete. Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand, or a combination thereof. Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities. Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalis in the cement in amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or concrete. Fine aggregate subjected to five cycles of the soundness test shall have a required weighted average loss. Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or a combination thereof. The sampling and test methods shall be done with grading and fineness modulus test, organic impurities test, effect of organic impurities on strength test, soundness test, clay lumps and friable particles test, coal and lignite test, bulk density of slag test, abrasion of coarse aggregate test, reactive aggregate test, freezing and thawing test, and chert test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.2  
1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished.  
Note 1: This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.  
1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or approved.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ground calcium carbonate (GCC, a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. It defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete. If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
This specification includes requirements with respect to chemical composition and physical properties, sampling, test methods, storage and inspection, packaging and package marking, certification, and manufacturer’s statement (mineral origin, nature, amount, and type of any processing or other additions made to the product).
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A1.3 Significance and Use
A1.3.1 This test method provides analytical procedures to determine the major chemical constituents of limestone (see Note 1). The percentages of specific constituents that determine a material’s quality or fitness for use are of significance depending upon the purpose or end use of the material. Results obtained may be used in relation to specification requirements.
Note A1.1: This test method can be applied to other calcareous materials if provisions are made to compensate for known interferences.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to ground calcium carbonate (GCC is a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. The specification defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete.  
1.2 If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
Note 1: American Concrete Institute (ACI) technical documents 201.2R, 318, 332, and 350 contain useful information and code requirements dealing with sulfate exposure in service. Soluble sulfate in water can be determined in accordance with Test Method D516 or Test Method D4130. Percent sulfate by mass in soil can be determined by Test Method C1580.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 μm from the coarser material with most aggregates. In some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent in the water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is of significance in making a final determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M concerning organic impurities.  
5.2 This test method is applicable to those samples which, when tested in accordance with Test Method C40/C40M, have produced a supernatant liquid with a color darker than standard color plate No. 3 or color solution.  
5.3 Many specifications provide for the acceptance of fine aggregate producing a darker color in the Test Method C40/C40M test, if testing by this test method indicates the strength of the mortar cubes prepared with the unwashed fine aggregate is comparable to the strength of mortar cubes made with the washed fine aggregate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate, whose presence is indicated using Test Method C40/C40M. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with washed and unwashed fine aggregate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitous mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is often used to determine bulk density values that are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures.  
4.2 The bulk density also may be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversions in purchase agreements. However, the relationship between degree of compaction of aggregates in a hauling unit or stockpile and that achieved in this test method is unknown. Further, aggregates in hauling units and stockpiles usually contain absorbed and surface moisture (the latter affecting bulking), while this test method determines the bulk density on a dry basis.  
4.3 A procedure is included for computing the percentage of voids between the aggregate particles based on the bulk density determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.  
Note 1: Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is often used to determine bulk density values that are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures.  
4.2 The bulk density also may be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversions in purchase agreements. However, the relationship between degree of compaction of aggregates in a hauling unit or stockpile and that achieved in this test method is unknown. Further, aggregates in hauling units and stockpiles usually contain absorbed and surface moisture (the latter affecting bulking), while this test method determines the bulk density on a dry basis.  
4.3 A procedure is included for computing the percentage of voids between the aggregate particles based on the bulk density determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.  
Note 1: Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used in making a preliminary determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33 that relate to organic impurities.  
4.2 The principal value of this test method is to furnish a warning that injurious amounts of organic impurities may be present. When a sample subjected to this test produces a color darker than the standard color it is advisable to perform the test for the effect of organic impurities on the strength of mortar in accordance with Test Method C87.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ground calcium carbonate (GCC, a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. It defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete. If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
This specification includes requirements with respect to chemical composition and physical properties, sampling, test methods, storage and inspection, packaging and package marking, certification, and manufacturer’s statement (mineral origin, nature, amount, and type of any processing or other additions made to the product).
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A1.3 Significance and Use
A1.3.1 This test method provides analytical procedures to determine the major chemical constituents of limestone (see Note 1). The percentages of specific constituents that determine a material’s quality or fitness for use are of significance depending upon the purpose or end use of the material. Results obtained may be used in relation to specification requirements.
Note A1.1: This test method can be applied to other calcareous materials if provisions are made to compensate for known interferences.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to ground calcium carbonate (GCC is a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. The specification defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete.  
1.2 If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
Note 1: American Concrete Institute (ACI) technical documents 201.2R, 318, 332, and 350 contain useful information and code requirements dealing with sulfate exposure in service. Soluble sulfate in water can be determined in accordance with Test Method D516 or Test Method D4130. Percent sulfate by mass in soil can be determined by Test Method C1580.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A1.3 Significance and Use
A1.3.1 This test method provides analytical procedures to determine the major chemical constituents of limestone (see Note 1). The percentages of specific constituents that determine a material’s quality or fitness for use are of significance depending upon the purpose or end use of the material. Results obtained may be used in relation to specification requirements.
Note A1.1: This test method can be applied to other calcareous materials if provisions are made to compensate for known interferences.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to ground calcium carbonate (GCC is a type of ground limestone) and other finely divided aggregate mineral filler (AMF) materials for use in concrete mixtures. The specification defines the types of GCC and AMF materials for use in concrete.  
1.2 If concrete in service is subject to sulfate exposure, fillers derived from ground limestone should not be used unless mitigation methods are used.
Note 1: American Concrete Institute (ACI) technical documents 201.2R, 318, 332, and 350 contain useful information and code requirements dealing with sulfate exposure in service. Soluble sulfate in water can be determined in accordance with Test Method D516 or Test Method D4130. Percent sulfate by mass in soil can be determined by Test Method C1580.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate for use in concrete. Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand, or a combination thereof. Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities. Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalis in the cement in amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or concrete. Fine aggregate subjected to five cycles of the soundness test shall have a required weighted average loss. Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or a combination thereof. The sampling and test methods shall be done with grading and fineness modulus test, organic impurities test, effect of organic impurities on strength test, soundness test, clay lumps and friable particles test, coal and lignite test, bulk density of slag test, abrasion of coarse aggregate test, reactive aggregate test, freezing and thawing test, and chert test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.2  
1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished.  
Note 1: This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.  
1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or approved.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate for use in concrete. Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand, or a combination thereof. Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities. Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalis in the cement in amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or concrete. Fine aggregate subjected to five cycles of the soundness test shall have a required weighted average loss. Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or a combination thereof. The sampling and test methods shall be done with grading and fineness modulus test, organic impurities test, effect of organic impurities on strength test, soundness test, clay lumps and friable particles test, coal and lignite test, bulk density of slag test, abrasion of coarse aggregate test, reactive aggregate test, freezing and thawing test, and chert test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.2  
1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished.  
Note 1: This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.  
1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or approved.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is often used to determine bulk density values that are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures.  
4.2 The bulk density also may be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversions in purchase agreements. However, the relationship between degree of compaction of aggregates in a hauling unit or stockpile and that achieved in this test method is unknown. Further, aggregates in hauling units and stockpiles usually contain absorbed and surface moisture (the latter affecting bulking), while this test method determines the bulk density on a dry basis.  
4.3 A procedure is included for computing the percentage of voids between the aggregate particles based on the bulk density determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.  
Note 1: Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine rapidly the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The result is reported as a methylene blue value in units of mg of methylene blue adsorbed per g of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The methylene blue value is a function of the amount and characteristics of clay minerals present in the test specimen. High methylene blue values indicate increased potential for diminished fine aggregate or mineral filler performance in a cementitious mixture due to the presence of clays.  
Note 1: Results from this test method are not expected to be correlated with those obtained using AASHTO T 330 or EN 933-9. These three test methods are likely to give very different numerical values even though the units are the same. The AASHTO T 330 test is performed only on the fraction of an aggregate passing the 75 μm sieve, the EN 933-9 test is performed only on the fraction finer than 2 mm, and this test is performed on the fraction finer than the 4.75 mm sieve. Therefore, when testing the same fine aggregate source, the AASHTO test method would give the highest methylene blue value because any clay present in the specimen would be concentrated in the fraction finer than the 75 μm sieve. The AASHTO and EN test methods do not take into account the amount of material passing the 75 μm sieve or 2 mm sieve, respectively. For example, a fine aggregate with high methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but low percentage passing the 75 μm sieve may have less effect on concrete performance than a fine aggregate with low methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but a high percentage passing the 75 μm sieve. In contrast, this test method expresses methylene blue value based on the entire fine aggregate or mineral filler specimen. Additionally, the AASHTO and EN test methods use titration to determine the amount of methylene blue of known concentration that is adsorbed by a specimen and requ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a rapid test to determine the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler and can be used both in the laboratory and in the field.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the loose uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate. When measured on any aggregate of a known grading, void content provides an indication of that aggregate's angularity, sphericity, and surface texture compared with other fine aggregates tested in the same grading. When void content is measured on an as-received fine-aggregate grading, it can be an indicator of the effect of the fine aggregate on the workability of a mixture in which it may be used.
1.2 Three procedures are included for the measurement of void content. Two use graded fine aggregate (standard grading or as-received grading), and the other uses several individual size fractions for void content determinations:
1.2.1 Standard Graded Sample (Test Method A)—This test method uses a standard fine aggregate grading that is obtained by combining individual sieve fractions from a typical fine aggregate sieve analysis. See the section on Preparation of Test Samples for the grading.
1.2.2 Individual Size Fractions (Test Method B)—This test method uses each of three fine aggregate size fractions: (a) 2.36 mm (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16); (b) 1.18 mm (No. 16) to 600 m (No. 30); and (c) 600 m (No. 30) to 300 m (No. 50). For this test method, each size is tested separately.
1.2.3 As-Received Grading (Test Method C)—This test method uses that portion of the fine aggregate finer than a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.
1.2.4 See the section on Significance and Use for guidance on the method to be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods covered the determination of the loose uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the ratio of mass of an aggregate to the mass of a volume of water equal to the volume of the aggregate particles – also referred to as the absolute volume of the aggregate. It is also expressed as the ratio of the density of the aggregate particles to the density of water. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C29/C29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.  
5.2 Relative density is used to calculate the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate including hydraulic cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M and in Test Method C1252. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used in the determination of surface moisture on fine aggregate by displacement of water in Test Method C70. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used if the aggregate is in a saturated surface-dry condition, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Alternatively, the relative density (specific gravity) (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.  
5.3 Apparent relative density (specific gravity) pertain to the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the particles that is accessible to water. This value is not widely used in construction aggregate technology.  
5.4 Absorption values are used to calculate the change in the mass of an aggregate material due to water absorbed in the pore spaces within the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition, if it is deemed that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential. The laboratory standard for absorption ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density (specific gravity) and the absorption of fine aggregates. The relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent relative density (specific gravity). The OD relative density is determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD relative density and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates that comply with Specification C332 Group I aggregates.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine rapidly the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The result is reported as a methylene blue value in units of mg of methylene blue adsorbed per g of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The methylene blue value is a function of the amount and characteristics of clay minerals present in the test specimen. High methylene blue values indicate increased potential for diminished fine aggregate or mineral filler performance in a cementitious mixture due to the presence of clays.  
Note 1: Results from this test method are not expected to be correlated with those obtained using AASHTO T 330 or EN 933-9. These three test methods are likely to give very different numerical values even though the units are the same. The AASHTO T 330 test is performed only on the fraction of an aggregate passing the 75 μm sieve, the EN 933-9 test is performed only on the fraction finer than 2 mm, and this test is performed on the fraction finer than the 4.75 mm sieve. Therefore, when testing the same fine aggregate source, the AASHTO test method would give the highest methylene blue value because any clay present in the specimen would be concentrated in the fraction finer than the 75 μm sieve. The AASHTO and EN test methods do not take into account the amount of material passing the 75 μm sieve or 2 mm sieve, respectively. For example, a fine aggregate with high methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but low percentage passing the 75 μm sieve may have less effect on concrete performance than a fine aggregate with low methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but a high percentage passing the 75 μm sieve. In contrast, this test method expresses methylene blue value based on the entire fine aggregate or mineral filler specimen. Additionally, the AASHTO and EN test methods use titration to determine the amount of methylene blue of known concentration that is adsorbed by a specimen and requ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a rapid test to determine the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler and can be used both in the laboratory and in the field.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed for use as aggregates or being used as aggregates. The results are used to determine compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable specification requirements and to provide necessary data for control of the production of various aggregate products and mixtures containing aggregates. The data may also be useful in developing relationships concerning porosity and packing.  
5.2 Accurate determination of material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve cannot be achieved by use of this test method alone. Test Method C117 for material finer than 75-μm sieve by washing should be employed.  
5.3 Refer to methods of sampling and testing in Specification C637 for heavyweight aggregates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving.  
1.2 Some specifications for aggregates which reference this test method contain grading requirements including both coarse and fine fractions. Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such aggregates.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. Specification E11 cites the following with respect to SI units versus inch-pound units as standard. “The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the wire diameters used in the sieve cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames, pans,” and covers.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers special aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration. Aggregates covered by specification include the natural mineral aggregates of either high density or high fixed water content, or both. These include aggregates that contain or consist predominately of materials such as barite, magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, and serpentine. Also included are synthetic aggregates such as iron, steel, ferrophosphorus and boron frit or other boron compounds. Fine aggregate consisting of natural or manufactured sand including high-density minerals. Coarse aggregate may consist of crushed ore, crushed stone, or synthetic products, or combinations or mixture thereof. Aggregates shall meet the required uniformity of specific gravity and fixed water content. The materials shall also meet the required chemical composition for serpentine, limonite, goethite, barite, ilmenite, hematite, magnetite, iron, ferrophosphorus, boron frit, boron carbide, calcium carbide.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers special aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine rapidly the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The result is reported as a methylene blue value in units of mg of methylene blue adsorbed per g of fine aggregate or mineral filler. The methylene blue value is a function of the amount and characteristics of clay minerals present in the test specimen. High methylene blue values indicate increased potential for diminished fine aggregate or mineral filler performance in a cementitious mixture due to the presence of clays. Note 1—Results from this test method are not expected to be correlated with those obtained using AASHTO T 330 or EN 933-9. These three test methods are likely to give very different numerical values even though the units are the same. The AASHTO T 330 test is performed only on the fraction of an aggregate passing the 75 μm sieve, the EN 933-9 test is performed only on the fraction finer than 2 mm, and this test is performed on the fraction finer than the 4.75 mm sieve. Therefore, when testing the same fine aggregate source, the AASHTO test method would give the highest methylene blue value because any clay present in the specimen would be concentrated in the fraction finer than the 75 μm sieve. The AASHTO and EN test methods do not take into account the amount of material passing the 75 μm sieve or 2 mm sieve, respectively. For example, a fine aggregate with high methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but low percentage passing the 75 μm sieve may have less effect on concrete performance than a fine aggregate with low methylene blue value measured by the AASHTO method but a high percentage passing the 75 μm sieve. In contrast, this test method expresses methylene blue value based on the entire fine aggregate or mineral filler specimen. Additionally, the AASHTO and EN test methods use titration to determine the amount of methylene blue of known concentration that is adsorbed by a specimen and require ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a rapid test to determine the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by a specimen of fine aggregate or mineral filler and can be used both in the laboratory and in the field.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in concrete and other purposes. The values obtained may be compared with specifications, for example Specification C33, that are designed to indicate the suitability of aggregate proposed for use. Since the precision of this test method is poor (Section 12), it may not be suitable for outright rejection of aggregates without confirmation from other tests more closely related to the specific service intended.  
3.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this test method are usually different for fine and coarse aggregates, and attention is called to the fact that test results by use of the two salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing proper limits in any specifications that include requirements for these tests. The test is usually more severe when magnesium sulfate is used; accordingly, limits for percent loss allowed when magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher than limits when sodium sulfate is used.Note 1—Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33 establishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which fail to meet requirements based on this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates to estimate their soundness when subjected to weathering action in concrete or other applications. This is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This test method furnishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequate information is not available from service records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditions.  
1.2 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is sufficiently accurate for usual purposes, such as adjusting batch quantities of ingredients for concrete. It will generally measure the moisture in the test sample more reliably than the sample can be made to represent the aggregate supply. In cases where the aggregate itself is altered by heat, or where more refined measurement is required, the test should be conducted using a ventilated, controlled temperature oven.  
4.2 Large particles of coarse aggregate, especially those larger than 50 mm, will require greater time for the moisture to travel from the interior of the particle to the surface. The user of this test method should determine by trial if rapid drying methods provide sufficient accuracy for the intended use when drying large size particles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of evaporable moisture in a sample of aggregate by drying both surface moisture and moisture in the pores of the aggregate. Some aggregate may contain water that is chemically combined with the minerals in the aggregate. Such water is not evaporable and is not included in the percentage determined by this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 5.3.1, 7.2.1, and 7.3.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 μm from the coarser material with most aggregates. In some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent in the water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is not widely used. However, it is a convenient procedure for field or plant determination of moisture content of fine aggregate if specific gravity values are known and if drying facilities are not available. It can be used to adjust the aggregate mass for moisture content and to determine surface moisture contribution to mixing water in portland cement concrete.  
3.2 The accuracy of the test method depends upon accurate information on the bulk specific gravity of the material in a saturated surface-dry condition.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers field determination of the amount of surface moisture in fine aggregate by displacement in water.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate for use in concrete. Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand, or a combination thereof. Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities. Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalis in the cement in amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or concrete. Fine aggregate subjected to five cycles of the soundness test shall have a required weighted average loss. Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or a combination thereof. The sampling and test methods shall be done with grading and fineness modulus test, organic impurities test, effect of organic impurities on strength test, soundness test, clay lumps and friable particles test, coal and lignite test, bulk density of slag test, abrasion of coarse aggregate test, reactive aggregate test, freezing and thawing test, and chert test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.2  
1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished. Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.  
1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or approved.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test has been widely used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of various sources of aggregate having similar mineral compositions. The results do not automatically permit valid comparisons to be made between sources distinctly different in origin, composition, or structure. Assign specification limits with extreme care in consideration of available aggregate types and their performance history in specific end uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers testing sizes of coarse aggregate larger than 19 mm (3/4 in.) for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1). Note 1—A procedure for testing coarse aggregate smaller than 37.5 mm (11/2 in.) is covered in Test Method C131.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate including portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used in the determination of surface moisture on fine aggregate by displacement of water in Test Method C70. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used if the aggregate is wet, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely, the density or relative density (specific gravity) (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.
Apparent density and apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity) pertain to the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the particles that is accessible to water. This value is not widely used in construction aggregate technology.
Absorption values are used to calculate the change in the mass of an aggregate material due to water absorbed in the pore spaces within the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition, when it is deemed that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential. The laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained after submerging dry aggregate for a prescribed period of time. Aggregates mined from below the water table commonly have a moisture content greater than the absorption determined by this test method, if used without opportunity to dry prior to use. Conversely, some aggregates which have not been continuously maintained in a moist condition until used are likely to contain an amount of absorbed moisture less than the 24-h soaked condition. For an aggregate that has been in contact with w...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m3 (lb/ft3) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C29/C29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates that comply with Specification C332 Group I aggregates.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of th...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate, including portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used if the aggregate is wet, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely, the relative density (specific gravity) (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.
Apparent density and apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity) pertain to the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the particles which is accessible to water.
Absorption values are used to calculate the change in the mass of an aggregate due to water absorbed in the pore spaces within the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition, when it is deemed that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential. The laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained after submerging dry aggregate for a prescribed period of time. Aggregates mined from below the water table commonly have a moisture content greater than the absorption determined by this test method, if used without opportunity to dry prior to use. Conversely, some aggregates which have not been continuously maintained in a moist condition until used are likely to contain an amount of absorbed moisture less than the 24-h soaked condition. For an aggregate that has been in contact with water and that has free moisture on the particle surfaces, the percentage of free moisture is determined by deducting the absorption from the total moisture content determined by Test Method C566.
The general procedures described in this t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of coarse aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the coarse aggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density (kg/m3 (lb/ft3)) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quantity, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C29/C29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used with lightweight aggregates that comply with Specification C332 Group I aggregates.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user o...