ASTM F2008-00(2012)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides procedures enabling the recording of qualitative performance information under controlled test conditions. This information can be used together with quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices.
Although the qualitative assessment described in this guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that will affect the device's performance in an actual spill. Their consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or comparison of spill removal devices.
Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.
Portions of this guide are specifically intended for skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: F2008 − 00 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Guide for
Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in Sections 13, 14,and 16 in April 2012.
1. Scope Controlled Environments
F1607 Guide for Reporting ofTest Performance Data for Oil
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative
Spill Response Pumps
performanceparametersforfull-scaleoilspillremovalsystems
or individual components of those systems. It is intended to
3. Terminology
complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil
spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their 3.1.1 production skimmer—full-scale device supplied for
needs and expectations.
testing and indicated by the manufacturer to be commercially
available.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could
vary widely when completed by different organizations. As
3.1.2 prototype skimmer—device indicated by the developer
such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different
or manufacturer, or both, as being in the developmental stage
skimmers for a particular organization or application.
and not for sale on the commercial market.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a
3.1.3 qualitative performance data—characteristics re-
particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior
corded during the evaluation period other than those specified
to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire
by Guide F631.
contents and note those areas that are most important to their
needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as
4. Significance and Use
workmanship of construction may not be applicable to proto-
type skimmers.
4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording
of qualitative performance information under controlled test
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conditions. This information can be used together with quan-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
titative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- removal device or as a means of comparing two or more
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety devices.
precautions are given in Section 9.
4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this
guidecanbesomewhatsubjective,itisanimportantpartofthe
2. Referenced Documents
overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers
2.1 ASTM Standards:
performancefactorsotherthanrecoveryrateandefficiencythat
F625 Practice for ClassifyingWater Bodies for Spill Control
will affect the device’s performance in an actual spill. Their
Systems
considerationallowsthecomprehensiveevaluationorcompari-
F631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in
son of spill removal devices.
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncon-
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
trolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the
F20.12 on Removal.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2008 – 00 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/F2008-00R12E01.
4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
F2008 − 00 (2012)
5. Summary of Guide 8. Test Fluids
5.1 The spill removal device may be tested in a wave/tow 8.1 Test fluids for use with this guide should be selected to
tank, flume or other facility that is suitable for observing and fall within the parameters of those listed in Guide F631. These
recording appropriate operational performance factors. Signifi- test fluids may be crude, refined, or simulated.
cant testing results can be obtained using simple test tanks or
9. Safety Precautions
ponds,particularlywhencalmwater,stationaryorlowvelocity
advancing tests are desired as an economical means to screen
9.1 Test operations shall conform to established safety and
or compare devices.
regulatory requirements for test facility operations and test
fluid handling. Particular caution must be exercised when
5.2 It is essential that the test device be operated in a
handling flammable or toxic test fluids, refueling motors, and
steady-state condition during the evaluation period so that
deploying and retrieving test devices from the test tank.
operational performance factors can be consistently monitored,
evaluated and recorded.
9.2 Test operations shall also employ the safety precautions
recommended by the manufacturers of devices and equipment
5.3 Examination of qualitative performance factors can be
employed during testing.
obtained at any of the facilities described above and will entail
assessment before, during and after quantitative testing.
10. Equipment Operation
6. Interferences
10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance with
facility operating characteristics.
6.1 The reporting of results shall address the possibility of
test facility effects. For example, wall effects may interfere
10.2 The device must be operated in accordance with the
hydrodynamically with the performance of a device.
manufacturer’s specified operating instructions with respect to
mechanical operations, safety, and established maintenance
6.2 Care should be taken so that any containment apparatus
routines. A representative of the manufacturer should be
not designed specifically for the skimming device does not
invited to participate in the initial setup and training of testing
affect the distribution of test fluid to the device or its ability to
personnel.
recoverthetestslick.Similarly,skimmersshouldbetetheredin
a way that does not interfere with performance.
10.3 Modifications to the device prior to or during the
courseoftestingshouldnotbedoneexceptinconsultationwith
7. Test Facilities
the manufacturer.
7.1 Several types of test facilities can be used to carry out
10.4 Modifications to the device, in any form that differs
the performance evaluations outlined in this guide.
from the supplied test device, shall be recorded with the test
7.1.1 Wave/Tow Tank—A wave/tow tank has a movable
results.
bridge or other mechanism for towing the test device through
water for the length of the facility. A wave generator may be
11. Test Variables and Qualitative Performance Factors
installed on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.
11.1 The test evaluator shall review and indicate the perfor-
7.1.2 Current Tank—A current tank is a water-filled tank
mance factors and methods selected for evaluation.
equipped with a pump or other propulsion system for moving
11.2 Qualitative performance evaluation should be con-
the water through a test section where the test device is
ducted coincident with quantitative testing. Quantitative test
mounted.Awavegeneratormaybeinstalledonthistypeoftest
procedures should be followed as specified in 12.1 to 12.4 of
facility.
Guide F631 for the operation of the test tank, distribution of
7.1.3 Otherfacilities,suchasprivateponds,tanks,orflumes
test fluid, and collection of numerical data.
may also be used, provided the test parameters can be suitably
controlled.
12. Pre-Deployment
7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are not
12.1 Prior to testing:
limited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering test
12.1.1 Review the manufacturer’s reference materials and
fluids to the water surface, skimming systems to assist in
all items received for testing.
cleaning the facility between tests, and adequate tankage for
12.1.2 Verify that supplied components, including fittings,
storing the test fluids.
hoses and materials, are in accordance with the manufacturer’s
7.3 Additional capabilities at the test facility should also
specifications.Any adaptations to meet the requirements of the
include: the space, materials and tools necessary to effect
test facility should be noted.
assembly, maintenance and minor repairs of test devices; the
12.1.3 Record in detail all significant differences between
means to safely lift test devices for deployment and retrieval;
the technical specifications of the model tested and those of
and platforms and walkways to facilitate observation, sam-
production models.
pling, and written, photographic and video recording.
12.1.4 Mathematically compute the power balance of major
7.4 These qualitative observations can be made during components to determine if the drive provided by the prime
quantitative testing in accordance with Guide F631,orinthe mover adequately serves the power needs of the pump,
field during exercises and response operations provided that recovery mechanism and other components. Provide specific
appropriate records are kept. computations, if possible, indicating total brake horsepower
´1
F2008 − 00 (2012)
available and needed, system hydraulic pressure, hydraulic 12.3.4.2 Required procedures and recommended time inter-
fluid flow rate, and operating temperature range. vals for maintenance and repair,
12.3.4.3 Guidelines for troubleshooting and suggested re-
12.1.5 If the skimmer being tested is designed to operate as
acompletesystemthedeviceshouldbepresentedfortestingas pair for major and minor problems, and
12.3.4.4 Disassembly and assembly procedures.
a 100 % complete system with all of the necessary items for
deployment and operation.
12.4 Manufacturer Representation and Support Services—
12.1.6 List any required modifications necessary to inte-
Record and verify the terms and conditions of the warranty,
grate components and render the system fully functional for
and the availability of parts and service within the region. List
testing.
all support services available through the manufacturer or
regional distributor.
12.2 Reference Materials:
12.2.1 List all documents received with the skimming
12.5 Owners Survey—Fortestswarrantingadetailedassess-
system, and assess operation manuals for content, clarity, and
ment of operational and mechanical reliability, conduct a
practicality of use.
survey of past and present owners of the system being tested;
12.2.1.1 Note the use of clearly-labeled graphics and pho-
this will provide a comprehensive account of performance to
tographs.
complement results achieved during short-term tank testing.
12.2.1.2 Incaseswherethedocumentationisatranslationof
12.6 Existing Test Reports—Prior to testing, obtain and
the original, note any areas of confusion or contradiction and
review any previously written evaluations of the test device,
be alert for any possible errors.
paying particular attention to test fluid types, methodologies,
12.2.1.3 Indicate the inclusion of an index, organization of
and qualitative/quantitative assessment criteria utilized. Where
thedocuments,qualityofprintandinstructionswhichfacilitate
possible, consult with operational groups on short- and long-
use of documents for reference purposes.
term findings relevant to the subject areas covered in this
12.2.1.4 Determine if a concise, all-weather field guide is
Guide.
available.
12.2.1.5 Ensure that operational and safety placards are
13. Construction and Assembly
appropriate, match operating procedures, and protect the op-
13.1 Duringinitialassemblyandset-up,evaluatetheoverall
erator.
quality of construction and design, materials and fittings,
12.3 Record whether the following items are satisfactorily
overall ruggedness, assembly, and maintenance and repair.
addressed:
13.2 Overall Quality of Construction and Design—Test
12.3.1 Components:
personnel should be critical of any design features that could
12.3.1.1 Complete listing of all components for specific
result in diminished skimmer performance or operator control.
model provided,
Pay particular attention to features that could create a safety
12.3.1.2 Technical specifications, and
hazard for operators or others working in the immediate
12.3.1.3 Spare parts list.
vicinity such as exposed rotating parts, or hot surfaces.
12.3.2 Assembly and Set-Up:
13.2.1 Assess the overall quality of workmanship of the
12.3.2.1 Detailed and easily understood assembly instruc-
system during the test by visual inspection and reporting of the
tions,
following:
12.3.2.2 Diagrams or photographs to assist in assembly,
13.2.1.1 Relative simplicity or complexity of design,
12.3.2.3 Standard tools required for assembly,
13.2.1.2 Potential safety hazards such as sharp protrusions,
12.3.2.4 Special tools required for assembly,
rough edges, weak lifting points or unsafe pump/powerpack
12.3.2.5 Preparation required for operation, set-up and de-
configuration or design,
ployment, 13.2.1.3 Overall size re: transportation and operation,
12.3.2.6 Component and assembly weights, and 13.2.1.4 Logical placement and reasonable access to com-
12.3.2.7 Lifting and handling requirements. ponents for inspection and service, and
12.3.3 Operation: 13.2.1.5 Compatibility of system components: do they work
well together, or are they mismatched and inappropriate. (For
12.3.3.1 Proper method of operation, including recommen-
example: skimmers designed for light oil recovery should not
dations for optimal settings or guidance for achieving such
be equipped with a (sparking) gasoline engine; an oversized
settings,
discharge port and bulky hose may lead to difficulties in
12.3.3.2 Required types and quantities of fuel, oil, and other
handling, tethering and priming; skimmers intended for use
fluids,
with highly viscous oil should have a large diameter transfer
12.3.3.3 Guidelines for safe operations,
hose).
12.3.3.4 Required procedures for retrieval, and
13.2.2 If appropria
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.