ASTM D3299-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Filament-Wound Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Resin Corrosion-Resistant Tanks
Standard Specification for Filament-Wound Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Resin Corrosion-Resistant Tanks
ABSTRACT
This specification covers cylindrical corrosion-resistant tanks made of commercial-grade glass-fiber-reinforced polyester or vinylester thermoset resin fabricated by filament winding for above-ground vertical installation, to contain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure as classified herein. This specification does not address the design of vessels intended for pressure above atmospheric, vacuum conditions, except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated by filament winding for above-ground vertical installation, to contain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure as classified herein, and made of a commercial-grade polyester or vinylester resin. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.
1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vessels intended for pressure above atmospheric, vacuum conditions, except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points.
1.3 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. Note 1-Special design consideration should be given to vessels subject to superimposed mechanical forces, such as earthquakes, wind load, or agitation, and to vessels subject to service temperature in excess of 180°F (82°C), and to vessels with unsupported bottoms. Note 2-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 3299 – 00
Standard Specification for
Filament-Wound Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Resin
Corrosion-Resistant Tanks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3299; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C582 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced, Ther-
mosettingPlastic(RTP)LaminatesforCorrosionResistant
1.1 This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated by
Equipment
filament winding for above-ground vertical installation, to
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
contain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure as clas-
Insulating Materials for Testing
sified herein, and made of a commercial-grade polyester or
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
vinylester resin. Included are requirements for materials, prop-
D1599 TestMethodforShort-TimeHydraulicFailurePres-
erties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workman-
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
ship, and appearance.
D2150 Specification for Woven Roving Glass Fabric for
1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vessels
Polyester-Glass Laminates
intended for pressure above atmospheric, vacuum conditions,
D2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid
except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use with
Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
liquids heated above their flash points.
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
1.3 The values given in parentheses are provided for infor-
Resins
mation purposes only.
D2996 SpecificationforFilament-WoundReinforcedTher-
NOTE 1—Special design consideration should be given to vessels
mosetting Resin Pipe
subject to superimposed mechanical forces, such as earthquakes, wind
D2997 Specification for Centrifugally Cast “Fiberglass”
load, or agitation, and to vessels subject to service temperature in excess
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
of 180°F (82°C), and to vessels with unsupported bottoms.
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
D 4024 Specification for Machine Made Fiberglass
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Flanges
test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This
D5421 Specification for Contact Molded Flanges
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
2.2 ANSI Standards:
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
25, 125, 250, and 800
tions prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nologies D883 and F412, unless otherwise indicated.
C581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of
3.2 filament-wound—asappliedtotanks,aprocessinwhich
Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass Fiber Reinforced
the principal circumferential load-bearing reinforcement is
Structures Intended for Liquid Service
applied by continuous filament winding.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Discontinued; see 1986 Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published June 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
e1 7
published as D3299–74. Last previous edition D3299–95a . Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3299 – 00
3.3 contact molding—a molding process that includes 5.1.1.4 Ultraviolet absorbers may be added to the exterior
“hand lay-up,” “spray-up,” or a combination of these manu- surface for improved weather resistance, if agreed upon be-
facturing processes. tween fabricator and purchaser.
5.1.1.5 Antimony compounds or other fire-retardant agents
may be added to halogenated resins for improved fire resis-
4. Classification
tance, if agreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.
4.1 Tanksmeetingthisspecificationareclassifiedaccording
to type as follows, and it is the responsibility of the purchaser
NOTE 6—Because the addition of fire-retardant agents may interfere
with visual inspection of laminate quality, they should not be used in the
to specify the requirement for Type II tanks, the operating
inner surface (7.1.1) or interior layer (7.1.2) unless their functional
pressure or vacuum levels, and the safety factor required for
advantages would outweigh the loss of visual inspection.
external pressure. Absence of a designation of type required
shall imply that Type I is adequate.
5.2 Reinforcement:
4.1.1 Type I—Atmosphericpressuretanksventeddirectlyto
5.2.1 Chopped-Strand Mat—Chopped-strand mat shall be
the atmosphere, designed for pressure no greater or lower than
constructed from chopped commercial-grade E-type glass
atmospheric.
strands bonded together using a binder. The strands should be
4.1.2 Type II—Atmospheric pressure tanks vented directly
treated with a sizing that is chemically compatible with the
intoafumeconservationsystem,anddesignedtowithstandthe resin system used.
specified positive and negative pressure not to exceed 14 in.
NOTE 7—The selection of the particular chopped-strand mat is depen-
(355.6 mm) of water when all tie-down lugs are properly
dent upon the performance characteristics required of the finished product
secured, in accordance with the fabricator’s recommendations
and upon the processing techniques to be used.
for flat-bottom tanks.
5.2.2 Continuous Roving—Continuous roving shall be a
4.2 Tanksmeetingthisspecificationareclassifiedaccording
commercial-grade of E-type glass fiber with a sizing that is
to grade as follows:
chemically compatible with the resin system used.
4.2.1 Grade 1—Tanks manufactured with a single generic
5.2.3 Nonwoven Biaxial or Unidirectional Fabric—These
type of thermoset resin throughout.
productsshallbeacommercialGradeofE-typeglassfiberwith
4.2.2 Grade 2—Tanks manufactured with different generic
a sizing that is chemically compatible with the resin system
types of thermoset resin in the barrier and the structural
used.
portion.
5.2.4 Woven Roving—Woven roving shall be in accordance
NOTE 3—The external corrosive environment due to spillage or corro- with Specification D2150.
sive vapors should be considered when specifying Grade 2 tanks (see
5.2.5 Surface Mat—The reinforcement used for the inner
7.1.3.3).
surface (7.1.1) shall be either a commercial-grade chemical
resistant glass surface mat or an organic-fiber surface mat. In
5. Materials and Manufacture
environments that attack glass, the use of an organic-fiber
5.1 Resin—The resin used shall be a commercial-grade,
surface mat is required.
corrosion-resistant thermoset that has either been evaluated in
a laminate by test in accordance with 11.3 or that has been
6. Design Requirements Design Requirements
determined by previous documented service to be acceptable
6.1 Filament-Wound Laminates—The maximum allowable
for the service conditions. Where service conditions have not
stress of the total laminate (that is, filament winding plus inner
been evaluated, a suitable resin also may be selected by
surface(7.1.1)andinteriorlayer(7.1.2))shallbelimitedbythe
agreement between fabricator and purchaser.
allowable movement (strain) of the tank wall when filled with
5.1.1 The resin shall contain no pigment, dyes, colorants, or
fluid.
filler, except as follows:
6.1.1 The maximum allowable hoop stress shall be deter-
5.1.1.1 A thixotropic agent that does not interfere with
mined as follows:
visual inspection of laminate quality, or with the required
S 5 ~E ~Z!! (1)
H T
corrosion resistance of the laminate, may be added for viscos-
ity control.
where:
S = hoop stress, psi (kPa),
H
NOTE 4—The addition of a thixotropic agent may reduce the resistance
E = hoop tensile modulus of the total laminate (see
T
ofmanyresinsystemstocertaincorrosivechemicalenvironments.Itisthe
Appendix X3), psi (kPa), and
responsibility of the fabricator, using a thixotropic agent in the resin
Z = allowable strain.
required for 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, to ascertain its compatibility with the
corrosive environment when this has been reported to him by the
NOTE 8—The use of an accepted analytical technique, such as lami-
purchaser.
nated plate theory (LPT), for design and analysis of composite vessels
may predict stresses, strains, and strength on a ply-by-ply basis, given
5.1.1.2 Resinpastesusedtofillcrevicesbeforeoverlayshall
some basic lamina properties.
not be subject to the limitations of 5.1.1.
NOTE 9—Tanksforinstallationoutdoorsshallbedesignedfortheeffect
5.1.1.3 Resinmaycontainpigment,dyes,orcolorantswhen
ofwindloadingandotherenvironmentalfactorsinaccordancewithsound
agreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.
design practice, including tank buckling analysis.
NOTE 5—Theadditionofpigment,dyes,orcolorantsmayinterferewith NOTE 10—Tanks with significant physical loadings other than fluid
visual inspection of laminate quality. head (such as side mounted equipment, violent agitation, unusually high
D 3299 – 00
flow rates, and unsupported bottoms) shall be given special design
P = allowable external pressure, psi (kPa), and
a
consideration.
t = wall thickness, in. (mm) (nominal).
6.1.2 The allowable strain of the tank wall shall not exceed
6.2.2 Torispherical Heads—For torispherical heads, com-
0.0010 in./in. (mm/mm) at 70°F (21°C).
pute the allowable external pressure P as follows:
a
6.1.3 Tanks shall have a longitudinal strength at least equal
P 50.36~E/F!~t/R ! (5)
a o
to that of a helically wound tank having a maximum angle of
wind of 80° (measured from the tank axis, that is, 90° is hoop
where:
winding). For reference, the longitudinal tensile strength of a
R = outside crown radius of head, in. (mm).
o
typical 80° helical winding is approximately 2200 psi (15168
6.2.2.1 For torispherical heads subject to internal loading,
kPa).
the knucle radius shall be externally reinforced in accordance
NOTE 11—Tanks with unsupported bottoms require special design with Fig. 1. The reinforcement thickness shall be equal to the
consideration.
thickness of the head as calculated above. The thickness of a
joint overlay near the knucle radius tangent line of a dished
6.1.4 The minimum required wall thickness of the filament
head contributes to the knucle reinforcement.
wound portion of the tank shall be determined as follows:
6.2.3 Stiffening Rings—The required moment of inertia, I ,
s
PD 0.036gHD 0.2489gHD
t 5 5 or (2)
S D of a circumferential stiffening ring for cylindrical shells under
2S 2 E Z 2 E Z
H T T
external pressure or internal vacuum shall not be less than that
where:
determined by the following formula:
t = thickness, in. (mm),
I 5 PL D F/24E (6)
s s o h
P = pressure 0.036 H, psi (0.2489 H, kPa),
H = fluid head, in. (mm),
where:
g = specific gravity of fluid, and
D = shell outside diameter, in. (mm),
o
D = inside diameter of tank, in. (mm).
E = hoop tensile modulus, psi (kPa),
h
The thickness of the inner surface and interior layer (7.1.1
F = design factor = 5,
4 4
and 7.1.2) shall be added to this calculated thickness.
I = moment of inertia, in. (mm ), of stiffener and effec-
s
6.1.4.1 The minimum thickness of the tank shall be 0.1875
tive length of shell,
in. (4.76 mm).
L = one-half of the distance from the centerline of the
s
6.2 Design for External Pressure:
stiffening ring to the next line of support on one side,
6.2.1 Cylindrical Shells—For cylindrical shell, compute the
plusone-halfofthecenterlinedistancetothenextline
0.5
value 1.73 (D /t) . If the result is less than L/D of the
ofsupportontheothersideofthestiffeningring,both
o o
cylinder, compute P as follows:
measuredparalleltotheaxisofthecylinder,in.Aline
a
2.5 of support is the following: (a) a stiffening ring that
P 52.6~E/F!~D /L!~t/D ! (3)
a o o
meets the requirements of this paragraph; (b)a
If the result is greater than L/D of the cylinder, compute P
o a
circumferential line on a head at one-third the depth
as follows:
of the head from the head tangent line; (c) a cone-to-
2.5
cylinder junction, and
2.6~E/F!~D /L!~t/D !
o o
P 5 (4)
a 0.5
P = actual external pressure, psi (kPa).
~L/D ! 20.45 ~t/D !
o o
where:
D = outside diameter, in. (mm),
o
E = lower of hoop tensile modulus or axial tensile modu-
lus, psi (kPa),
F = design factor = 5,
L = design length, in., of a vessel section, taken as the
largest of the following: (a) the distance between
head-tangent lines plus one-third the depth of each
formedheadiftherearenostiffeningrings(excluding
conical heads and sections); (b) the distance between
cone-to-cylinder junctions for vessels with a cone or
conical heads if there are no stiffening rings; (c) the
greatest center-to-center distance between any two
adjacent stiffening rings; (d) the distance from the
center of the first stiffening ring to the formed head
tangent line plus one-third the depth of the formed
head (excluding conical heads and sections), all
measured parallel to the axis of the vessel; (e) the
distancefromthefirststiffeningringinthecylinderto
FIG. 1 Jointed Head Detail
the cone-to-cylinder junction,
Sketch A
D 3299 – 00
3 1
Typical half-round stiffener sizes and dimensions for differ- ⁄16in.(4.8mm)for2to6ft(0.6to1.8m)diameter, ⁄4in.(6.4
ent values of I are shown in Fig. 2. Other stiffener profiles mm) for over 6 to 12 ft (1.8 to 3.7 m) diameter, and ⁄8 in. (9.5
s
meeting the required moment of inertia may be used. mm) for over 12 ft (3.7 m) diameter.
6.3 Contact Molded Laminates—Portions of the tank, such
6.3.2.1 Deflectionoftheflatbottomwhenthetankisempty,
as joints, heads, nozzles, and supports, may be fabricated by
commonly known as “oil canning,” is permissible as long as
contact molding. Contact-molded laminates shall s
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