ASTM C989-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blast-furnace slag for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortar.
Note 1-The material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of Specification C 595 or as a separate ingredient in concrete or mortar mixtures. The material may also be useful in a variety of special grouts and mortars, and when used with an appropriate activator, as the principal cementitious material in some applications.
Note 2-Information on technical aspects of the use of the material described in this specification is contained in Appendixes X1, X2, and X3. More detailed information on that subject is contained in ACI Report 226. 1R.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 989 – 99
Standard Specification for
Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete
and Mortars
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
Aggregates
1.1 This specification covers three strength grades of finely
2,3
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
ground granulated blast-furnace slag for use as a cementitious
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
material in concrete and mortar.
Mortar
NOTE 1—The material described in this specification may be used for 2
C 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the require-
C 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
ments of Specification C 595 or as a separate ingredient in concrete or
Air Permeability Apparatus
mortar mixtures. The material may also be useful in a variety of special
C 430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
grouts and mortars, and when used with an appropriate activator, as the
the 45-µm (No. 325) Sieve
principal cementitious material in some applications.
NOTE 2—Information on technical aspects of the use of the material
C 441 TestMethodforEffectivenessofMineralAdmixtures
described in this specification is contained inAppendix X1,Appendix X2,
or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive
andAppendix X3. More detailed information on that subject is contained 3
Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
in ACI Report 233. 1R.
C 452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate
standard.
C 465 Specification for ProcessingAdditions for Use in the
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
C 595/C 595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Ce-
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
ments
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
C 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction
to use.
Materials
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
2.2 American Concrete Institute Reports:
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
226.1R Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as a Cemen-
notes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as
titious Constituent in Concrete
requirements of this standard.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definition:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1 blast-furnace slag—the nonmetallic product, consist-
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
ing essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube
other bases that is developed in a molten condition simulta-
Specimens)
neously with iron in a blast furnace (see Terminology C 125).
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Cement
3.2.1 granulated blast-furnace slag—the glassy granular
material formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly
chilled as by immersion in water (see Terminology C 125),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.27on Ground Slag . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
published as C 989 – 82. Last previous edition C 989 – 97b. Available from American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. 48219.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 989
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
with or without compositional adjustments made while the
blast-furnace slag is molten. Sulfide sulfur (S), max, % 2.5
Sulfate ion reported as SO , max, % 4.0
3.2.2 slag—granulated blast-furnace slag, as defined and
described in 3.1.1 and 3.2.1, and ground to cement fineness
with or without additions meeting the requirements of the
section on additions.
9.2 Take random grab samples either from a delivery unit or
at some point in the loading or unloading process so that no
4. Classification
sample represents more than 115 Mg (125 tons) (Note 3). If
4.1 Slag is classified by performance in the slag activity test
samples are taken from rail cars or trucks, take at least two
inthreegrades:Grade80,Grade100,andGrade120(seeTable
separate 2-kg (5-lb) portions and thoroughly mix them to
1).
obtain a test sample (Note 4). Sample by removing approxi-
mately a 300-mm (12-in.) layer of slag. Make a hole before
5. Ordering Information
obtaining a sample to avoid dust collector material that has
5.1 The purchaser shall specify the grade slag desired and
discharged into the delivery unit after the predominant slag
the optional chemical or physical data to be reported.
flow has ceased. Sample at a rate of ten samples per month or
one sample for each 2300 Mg (2500 tons) of shipments,
6. Additions
whichever is more frequent.
6.1 The slag covered by this specification shall contain no
NOTE 3—Standard statistical procedures are recommended for ensuring
additions except as follows:
that samples are selected by a random procedure; see Practice D 3665.
6.1.1 When used, calcium sulfate shall be added in the
These procedures can be used to select the days within a month or within
amounts such that the limits in Table 2 for sulfur trioxide are
a week that samples will be taken. The delivery unit or time of day then
not exceeded.
should be chosen randomly.
6.1.2 When processing additions are used in the manufac-
NOTE 4—Thequantityofsamplespecifiedismorethanadequateforthe
ture of the slag, the maximum amount used shall comply with testing required. A 2-kg (5-lb) portion should be retained in a sealed
containerforretestingifthatisconsiderednecessarytoverifycompliance.
the requirements of Specification C 465 when tested using a
50-50 blend by mass and the portland cement.
10. Test Methods
7. Chemical Composition 10.1 Slag-Activity Tests with Portland Cement:
10.1.1 Slag activity shall be evaluated by determining the
7.1 Slag shall conform to the chemical requirements pre-
compressive strength of both portland-cement mortars and
scribed in Table 2.
correspondingmortarsmadewiththesamemassof50-50mass
combinations of slag and portland cement. Appendix X1
8. Physical Properties
discusses the effects of cement, temperature, and amount of
8.1 SlagshallconformtothephysicalrequirementsofTable
slag used on performance with portland cement.
1.
10.1.2 Reference Cement—The portland cement used in the
slag activity tests shall comply with the requirements of
9. Sampling
Specification C 150 and with the alkali and strength limits
9.1 The following sampling and testing procedures shall be
shown in Table 3. Sufficient cement shall be reserved to avoid
used by the purchaser to verify compliance with this specifi-
changing reference cement more often than every two months.
cation.
10.1.3 Preparation of Specimens—Prepare mortars in ac-
cordance with Test Method C 109, except that sufficient water
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
shallbeusedineachbatchtoproduceaflowof11065 %.The
Item
proportions shall be as follows:
Fineness:
Reference Cement Mortar:
500 g portland cement
amount retained when wet screened on a 45-µm (No. 325) 20
1375 g graded standard sand
sieve, max %
Specific surface by air permeability, Method C 204 shall be .
Slag-Reference Cement Mortar:
determined and reported although no limits are required.
250 g portland cement
Air Content of Slag Mortar, max % 12
250 g slag
Average of
Last Five Any Individual 1375 g graded standard sand
Consecutive Sample
10.1.3.1 Mix a reference cement batch each day that a
Samples
slag-reference cement batch is mixed until at least five batches
Slag Activity Index, min, %
7-Day Index
Grade 80 . .
Grade 100 75 70
TABLE 3 Alkali and Strength Limits of Reference Cement for
Grade 120 95 90
Slag Activity Tests
28-Day Index
Grade 80 75 70 Total Alkalies (Na O+0.658K O) min % 0.60
2 2
Grade 100 95 90 max % 0.90
Grade 120 115 110 Compressive Strength, MPa, min, 28 days 35 (5000 psi)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 989
have been mixed with the reference cement. Thereafter, refer- 10.4 Slag Fineness by Air Permeability—Determine in
ence cement batches need not be mixed more often than once accordance with Test Method C 204.
a week whenever slag is being produced or shipped. 10.5 Sulfate Ion in Slag Reported as SO —Determine as
10.1.4 Test Ages—Determine the compressive strength of sulfur trioxide in accordance with Test Methods C 114, except
the sample need not be completely decomposed by acid.
mortar specimens at 7 and 28 days age in accordance withTest
Method C 109. 10.6 Sulfide Sulfur in the Slag—Determine in accordance
with Test Methods C 114.
10.1.5 Calculation—Calculate the slag activity index to the
nearest percent for both 7 days and 28 days as follows: 10.7 Chloride Content of Slag—Determine in accordance
with Test Methods C 114.
Slag activity index, % 5 ~SP/P! 3 100 (1)
10.8 Air Content of Slag Mortar—Determine in accordance
with Test Method C 185, except use 350 g of slag instead of
SP = average compressive strength of slag-reference ce-
cement in the standard mortar batch. Calculate using the
ment mortar cubes at designated ages, MPa (psi), and
appropriate density of the slag.
P = average compressive strength of reference cement
11. Rejection and Rehearing
mortar cubes at designated age, MPa (psi).
The reference cement-mortar strength used to calculate a 11.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that fails
to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection
slag activity index shall, when a reference cement mortar is
mixed on the same day as a slag-reference cement mortar, be shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in
writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests,
the result for that batch. Otherwise, the average of tests of the
fivemostrecentreferencecement-mortarbatchesshallbeused. the producer or supplier is not prohibited from making a claim
for retesting.
10.1.6 Report—The report should include the following:
10.1.6.1 Slag activity index, %,
12. Certification
10.1.6.2 Compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, of slag-
12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
reference cement mortar,
purchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre-
10.1.6.3 Compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, of portland
senting each lot have been tested as directed in this specifica-
cement mortar,
tion and the specified requirements have been met. When
10.1.6.4 Total alkalies of the reference cement
specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test
(Na O + 0.658 K O),
2 2
results shall be furnished.
10.1.6.5 Fineness of reference cement, and
12.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract, test
10.1.6.6 Potential compound composition of the reference
data shall be furnished on the chloride ion content of the slag.
portland cement.
10.1.7 Precision—The following precision statements are
13. Manufacturer’s Statement
applicable when the slag activity index with portland cement is
13.1 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
based on results of tests of two cubes from single batches of
state in writing the nature, amount, and identity of any
reference cement and 50-50 slag-reference cement mortars
processing or other additions made to the slag.
mixed on the same day.They are applicable to the slag activity
index determined at 7 or 28 days.
14. Package Marking and Shipping Information
10.1.7.1 The single-laboratory coefficient of variation has
14.1 When the ground slag is delivered in packages, the
been found to be 4.1 %. Therefore, the slag activity indices of
classification of slag, the name and brand of the manufacturer,
properly conducted tests based on single batches of mortar
and the weight of the slag contained therein shall be plainly
mixed on the same day should not differ by more than 11.6 %
markedoneachpackage.Similarinformationshallbeprovided
of their average.
in the shipping invoices accompanying the shipment of pack-
10.1.7.2 The multilaboratory coefficient of variation has
aged or bulk slag. All packages shall be in good condition at
been found to be 5.7 %. Therefore, the slag activity indices of
the time of inspection.
properly conducted tests of single batches by different labora-
15. Storage
tories should not differ by more than 16.1 %.
10.2 Slag Density—Determine in accordance with Test
15.1 The slag shall be stored to permit easy access for
Method C 188. proper inspection and identification of each shipment and in a
10.3 Amount of Slag Retained on a 45-µm (No. 325) suitable weather-tight building that will protect the slag from
Sieve—Determine in accordance with Test Method C 430. dampness and minimize quality deterioration.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 989
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. CONTRIBUTION OF SLAG TO CONCRETE STRENGTH
X1.1 When slag is used in concrete with portland cement, percentages developed in the slag activity test do not provide
the levels and rate of strength development will depend quantitative predictions of strength performance in concrete.
importantly on the properties of the slag, the properties of the
Performance in concrete will depend on a large number of
portland cement, the relativ
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