ASTM D3523-92(1997)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Values of Liquids and Solids (Differential Mackey Test)
Standard Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Values of Liquids and Solids (Differential Mackey Test)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the non-adiabatic determination of the spontaneous heating values (SHV) of liquids and solids. It is applicable to substances that are not completely volatile at the test temperature. Spontaneous heating values obtained by this test method are qualitative indications of the degree of self-heating that may be expected to occur upon exposure of the sample to air at the test temperature.
1.2 Values obtained by this method are applicable to liquids and solids supported on cellulosic surfaces. They are not applicable to liquids on metal surfaces, on contaminated surfaces, or at pressures above atmospheric.
1.3 Spontaneous heating values determined by the present test method are regarded only as qualitative measurements of self-heating which occurs under the conditions of the test. The test method does not purport to produce a quantitative measure of the enthalpy of reaction of the sample with air at a given test temperature. Such data can be obtained by the use of an adiabatic calorimeter. The existence, under the test conditions, of a positive temperature difference between the sample and the reference is evidence of a thermochemical reaction in the sample.
1.4 The magnitude of the measured temperature difference is a semiquantitative indication of the enthalpy and rate of that reaction. Since factors such as heat loss from the sample to the bath and quenching of the reaction due to too rapid consumption of oxygen affect the amount and duration of the measured heat effect, care must be taken not to attribute too much quantitative significance to the test results. It is sufficient, for the purpose of this test, to determine whether or not the sample is capable of undergoing a self-heating reaction of sufficient magnitude and rapidity to produce a detectable thermal effect. The spontaneous heating value (SHV) can be lower than the test temperature. A negative result does not preclude spontaneous heating initiating at a temperature higher than the test temperature.
1.5 This test method is used solely to measure and describe the properties of materials or products in regard to heat under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be considered or used for the description, appraisal or regulation of the fire hazard of materials or products under actual fire conditions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. In cases where materials, products or equipment are available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3523 – 92 (Reapproved 1997) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Spontaneous Heating Values of Liquids and Solids
1
(Differential Mackey Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to
describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,
1.1 This test method covers the non-adiabatic determination
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
of the spontaneous heating values (SHV) of liquids and solids.
results of this test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard
It is applicable to substances that are not completely volatile at
assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account
the test temperature. Spontaneous heating values obtained by
all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
this test method are qualitative indications of the degree of
hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.
self-heating that may be expected to occur upon exposure of
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the sample to air at the test temperature.
standard. In cases where materials, products or equipment are
1.2 Values obtained by this method are applicable to liquids
available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
and solids supported on cellulosic surfaces. They are not
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applicable to liquids on metal surfaces, on contaminated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surfaces, or at pressures above atmospheric.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 Spontaneous heating values determined by the present
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test method are regarded only as qualitative measurements of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
self-heating which occurs under the conditions of the test. The
test method does not purport to produce a quantitative measure
2. Referenced Documents
of the enthalpy of reaction of the sample with air at a given test
temperature. Such data can be obtained by the use of an 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
adiabatic calorimeter. The existence, under the test conditions,
of a positive temperature difference between the sample and
3. Terminology
the reference is evidence of a thermochemical reaction in the
sample.
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
1.4 The magnitude of the measured temperature difference
3.1.1 spontaneous heating value (SHV)—the maximum
is a semiquantitative indication of the enthalpy and rate of that
amount by which the temperature of the sample exceeds that of
reaction. Since factors such as heat loss from the sample to the
the reference when exposed at a given temperature in the
bath and quenching of the reaction due to too rapid consump-
standard apparatus.
tion of oxygen affect the amount and duration of the measured
3.2 Symbols:Symbols:
heat effect, care must be taken not to attribute too much
quantitative significance to the test results. It is sufficient, for
t 5 temperature of sample side at any time during test,
the purpose of this test, to determine whether or not the sample S
K,
is capable of undergoing a self-heating reaction of sufficient
t 5 temperature of reference side at time t is measured,
R S
magnitude and rapidity to produce a detectable thermal effect.
K,
The spontaneous heating value (SHV) can be lower than the
T 5 maximum temperature of sample chamber during
S
test temperature. A negative result does not preclude sponta-
test, K,
neous heating initiating at a temperature higher than the test
T 5 temperature of reference chamber measured at same
R
temperature.
time that T is measured, K,
S
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe
Dt 5 t − t ,
S R
the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
DT 5 T − T ,
S R
B 5 equilibrium temperature of reference side during
R
blank run, K,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.11 on Engineering Science of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1992. Published December 1992. Originally
2
published as D 3523 – 76. Last previous edition D 3523 – 86. Annual Bo
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