ASTM F1949-99(2007)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Medical Oxygen Delivery Systems for EMS Ground Vehicles
Standard Specification for Medical Oxygen Delivery Systems for EMS Ground Vehicles
ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications: (1) the transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided, (2) the delivery of interhospital critical transport care, (3) the delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and (4) the transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient. This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of EMS ground vehicles. The oxygen delivery system may be either a gaseous oxygen (GOX) system, or a liquid oxygen (LOX) system. Design and installation of the oxygen delivery system shall meet the requirements specified for: (1) capacity, (2) components such as oxygen piping system, flow control device, oxygen outlet, shutoff device, and secondary oxygen outlet, and (3) oxygen compartment. The oxygen system shall conform to the specified performance requirements including: (1) delivery flowrate, (2) delivery pressure, (3) delivery temperature, (4) temperature conditions such as storage temperature, cold soak, and heat soak, (5) electromagnetic interference, and (6) structural integrity against vibration, acceleration load, and shock load (basic design and crash worthiness). Installation requirements for oxygen piping routing and mounting, as well as flaring and bending, are specified. Design, installation, and pressure test requirements for GOX and LOX systems are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications:
1.1.1 The transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided.
1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and
1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient.
1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the he performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of ground vehicles for EMS use.
1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering an ambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types of equipment that are available and their performance requirements. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features, some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufacturers' models. Detailed technical information is available from the chassis manufacturers.
1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the following sequence: Scope (1); Referenced Documents (2); Terminology (3); Significance and Use (4); Design Requirements (5); Performance Requirements (6); Installation Requirements (7); GOX System Design Requirements (8); GOX System Installation Requirements (9); GOX System Test Requirements (10); LOX System Design Requirements (11); LOX System Installation Requirements (12); LOX System Test Requirements (13); Keywords (14).
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:F1949 −99(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Medical Oxygen Delivery Systems for EMS Ground
Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Within the United States, there are several widely recognized national and international standards
organizations that have established standards and guidelines for oxygen delivery systems. These
standards and guidelines were largely developed for intra-facility use. This standard, developed by
ASTM Subcommittee F30.01, addresses the requirements for oxygen systems, both liquid and
gaseous, for emergency medical services (EMS) ground vehicles.
1. Scope
Terminology 3
Significance and Use 4
1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for pri-
Design Requirements 5
mary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground Performance Requirements 6
Installation Requirements 7
vehicles used in the following applications:
GOX System Design Requirements 8
1.1.1 Thetransportationofthesickandinjuredtoorfroman
GOX System Installation Requirements 9
appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or special- GOX System Test Requirements 10
LOX System Design Requirements 11
ized life support services are being provided,
LOX System Installation Requirements 12
1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care,
LOX System Test Requirements 13
Keywords 14
1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required,
transport services, and
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel and
supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient.
2.1 The following documents, of the issue currently in
effect, form a part of this standard to the extent specified
1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the
herein.
performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of
ground vehicles for EMS use.
2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering an F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-
vices
ambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types of
equipment that are available and their performance require-
2.3 Military Standards:
ments. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features,
MIL-STD-461 Requirements for the Control of Electromag-
some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufac-
netic Interference Emissions and Susceptibility
turers’ models. Detailed technical information is available
MS 33584 Standard Dimensions for Flared Tubing End
from the chassis manufacturers.
MS 33611 End Bend Radii
1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the following 3
2.4 Federal Specifications:
sequence:
RR-C-901 Cylinders, Compressed Gas: High Pressure, Steel
Section
DOT3AA, and Aluminum Applications, General Specifi-
Scope 1
cation for
Referenced Documents 2
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Emergency Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
F30.01 on EMS Equipment. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F1949 – 99. DOI: Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave.,
10.1520/F1949-99R07. Building #4, Section D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1949−99 (2007)
2.5 ASME Standard: 5.2.1 Capacity—The oxygen system shall be capable of
B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping storing and supplying a minimum of 3000 L of gaseous
medical oxygen.
2.6 CGA Standards:
E-7 Standard for Medical Gas Regulators and Flowmeters 5.2.2 Components—All oxygen delivery system compo-
V-1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Con- nents shall be approved by the manufacturer of the component
nections for the intended service. The system shall include the follow-
S-1.1 PressureReliefDeviceStandardsPart1-Cylindersfor ing:
Compressed Gases
5.2.2.1 Oxygen Piping System,designedandsizedtodeliver
the required flow rates at the utilization pressures. Piping and
3. Terminology
tubing shall be of non-ferrous or corrosion-resistant steel
material and shall comply with the design requirements of
3.1 Definitions—Specific terms used throughout this speci-
ASME B31.3. Hose shall be electrically conductive and
ficationaredefinedin3.2.Otherapplicabletermsarecontained
in Terminology F1177. approved by the manufacturer for oxygen service at the
pressure and temperatures the hose will be subjected to in
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
service. Fittings shall be of non-ferrous or corrosion-resistant
3.2.1 design operating pressure, n—the nominal pressure at
steelmaterialandshallcomplywiththedesignrequirementsof
which the oxygen equipment or container is designed to
ASME B31.3. Cast fittings shall not be used.
operate during normal use.
5.2.2.2 Flow Control Device, of a pressure-compensated
3.2.2 LOX container, n—a vessel used to store or transport
type that includes a means to display and monitor delivered
liquid oxygen.
flow rate. It shall be continuously adjustable over a minimum
3.2.3 maximum allowable working pressure, n— the maxi-
range of 0 to 15 L/min, with a calibrated display resolution of
mumgagepressuretowhichtheequipmentorcontainercanbe
at least 0.5 L/min. The flow control device shall be calibrated
subjected without exceeding the allowable design stress.
for 50 psig inlet pressure and be able to withstand a minimum
3.2.4 maximum filling volume, n—the maximum filling vol- inlet pressure of 200 psig without damage or failure. It shall
incorporate an inlet filter and be electrically conductive from
ume of liquid at its maximum permissible level.
inlet to outlet. Flow control device accuracy shall be within
3.2.5 pressure relief device, n—a device designed to open in
610 % of the indicated flow, or 0.25 L, whichever is greater.
order to prevent a rise of internal fluid pressure in excess of a
5.2.2.3 Oxygen Outlet, piped to a self-sealing duplex oxy-
specified value.
gen outlet station. One of the outlets shall be for a flow control
3.3 Symbol:
device or humidifier and the second oxygen outlet shall be for
g = the normal or standard constant of gravity at sea level;
gas-specific, noninterchangeable, quick disconnect plug-in de-
approximately 32.2 ft/s/s (9.81 m/s/s)
vices not requiring humidification. Outlets shall be marked and
3.4 Acronyms:
identified in accordance with CGA E-7.
3.4.1 GOX, n—gaseous oxygen.
5.2.2.4 Shutoff Valve, when specified, furnished in the 50-
3.4.2 LOX, n—liquid oxygen.
psig line and controlled and identified from the EMT panel. If
a solenoid valve is utilized, a readily accessible, emergency
4. Significance and Use
bypass valve shall be furnished and identified.
4.1 The intent of this standard is to establish minimum
5.2.2.5 Secondary Oxygen Outlet, when specified, of the
requirements, test parameters, and other criteria essential for self sealing, duplex wall outlet type. Additional outlets may
oxygen system design, performance, and appearance, and to
also be specified. The outlets shall be marked and identified in
provide for a practical degree of standardization. The object is accordance with CGA E-7 (see 6.1).
to provide oxygen systems that are properly constructed, and
5.2.3 Oxygen Compartment—The oxygen compartment
which, when properly serviced and maintained, will reliably
shall be provided with at least a 9-in. cover device which will
function on an EMS ground vehicle.
dissipate or vent leaking oxygen to the outside of the vehicle.
Theoxygencompartmentshallnotbeutilizedforthestorageof
5. Design Requirements
any other equipment. No wiring or components shall terminate
in the oxygen compartment except for the oxygen control
5.1 The medical oxygen delivery system may be either a
solenoid, compartment light, switch plunger or trigger device,
gaseous oxygen (GOX) system, or a liquid oxygen (LOX)
or other equipment that is integral to the oxygen system.
system.
Wiring passing through the oxygen compartment shall be
5.2 The oxygen delivery system shall be a piped oxygen
routed in a metallic conduit.
system designed and installed as follows:
6. Performance Requirements
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
6.1 DeliveryFlowrate—Theoxygensystemshallbecapable
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
of delivering a minimum continuous gas flow of 100 L/min of
www.asme.org.
gaseous oxygen, per patient, simultaneously, down to the 10
Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th
Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com. percent tank content level.
F1949−99 (2007)
6.2 Delivery Pressure—The oxygen system shall provide a 6.6.3.2 The applied shock pulse shall be of the amplitude
delivery pressure of 50 6 5 psig, at the specified flowrate at specified, a half sine wave configuration, and 11 ms duration.
each medical oxygen gas outlet.
6.6.3.1 Basic Design Shock Load—The component shall
withstand three shocks in each direction along three mutually
6.3 Delivery Temperature—The temperature of the gaseous
perpendicular axes of the container (a total of 18 shocks). The
oxygen supplied from each medical oxygen gas outlet shall be
peak value of the shock loads shall be 20 g.
within +10 or –20 °F (+6 or –11 °C) of ambient temperature
6.6.3.2 Crash Worthiness Shock Load—The component
whentheoxygendeliverysystemissubjectedtothecontinuous
shall withstand two shocks in each direction along three
flow described in 7.1.
mutually perpendicular axes (a total of 12 shocks). The peak
6.4 Temperature Conditions
value of the shock loads shall be 60 g. The crash worthiness
6.4.1 Storage Temperatures—The oxygen system, when
shock loads shall produce no failure of the mounting attach-
servicedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’s
ments. The component shall not break free from its mounting
recommendations, shall be capable of being stored without
provisions or otherwise create a hazard. Permanent bending
damage or deterioration in ambient temperatures of –30 °F
and distortion shall be permitted. The component need not be
(–34 °C) to 125 °F (52 °C).
functional following application of the crash worthiness shock
6.4.2 Cold Soak—The oxygen system shall operate at a loads.
temperature of 0 °F (–18 °C) after being cold soaked for6hat
–30 °F (–34 °C) followed bya1h cold soak at 0 °F (–18 °C).
7. Installation Requirements
6.4.3 Heat Soak—The oxygen system shall operate at a
7.1 The installation of the oxygen system shall be in
temperature of 110 °F (43 °C) after being heat soaked for 6 h
accordance with the following requirements:
at125°F(52°C)followedbya1hheatsoakat100°F(43°C).
7.1.1 Oxygen Piping—Oxygen piping shall be concealed
6.5 Electromagnetic Interference—Electrical or electronic
and not exposed to the elements.The piping shall be accessible
componentry, or both, of the oxygen system shall meet the
for inspection and replacement.
electromagnetic interference emissions and susceptibility re-
7.1.1.1 Piping Routing and Mounting—In routing the
quirements of MIL-STD-461 for ground vehicles.
piping, the general policy shall be to keep total length to a
minimum. Allowances shall be made for expansion,
6.6 Structural Integrity—Each oxygen system component,
contraction, vibration, and component replacement. All piping
when mounted by its normal means of attachment and fitted
shallbemountedtopreventvibrationandchafing.Thisshallbe
with the equipment item(s) that are normally attached to it,
accomplished by the proper use of rubberized or cushion clips
shall have the structural integrity to withstand the vibration,
installedatnogreaterthan20-in.intervalsasclosetothebends
acceleration, and shock environments described in
as possible.The piping, where passing through or supported by
6.6.1-6.6.3.2. Pneumatic components may be non-operating
the vehicle structure, shall have adequate protection against
but shall be pressurized to their maximum allowable working
chafing by the use of flexible grommets. The piping shall not
pressure when subjected to these environments. Electrical
strike against the vehicle during vibration and shock encoun-
components may be non-operating but shall be “powered-up”
tered during normal use of the vehicle.
when subjected to these environments. The vibration,
7.1.1.2 Flaring and Bending—Tubing shall be single flared
acceleration, and shock environments shall produce no out-of-
to conform with MS 33584. As an alternative, tubing may be
specification performance degradation or malfunctions except
welded, brazed or swaged using methods and quality controls
that allowed in 6.6.3.2.
that produce leakproof joints, provided there is no undue
6.6.1 Vibration—The component shall withstand sinusoidal
degradation of tubing strength, corrosion resistance, or fatigue
vibration applied along each of three mutually perpendicular
life. Tubing systems having these permanent type of joints
axes with the frequency range varying from 5 to 200 Hz with
shall be designed for ease of fabrication, inspection, and
an amplitude of 1.0 in. from 5 to 5.5 Hz and an applied
installation in the vehicle. The system layout shall provide for
acceleration of 1.5 g from 5.5 to 200 Hz. The duration of
rapid in-service repair and component replacement. Tubing
applied vibration shall be 5.5 h per axis (a total time of 16.5 h).
bends shall be uniform, without kinks, and fit the span between
The frequency of applied vibration shall be swept over the
fittings without tension. The minimum bend radius to tube
specified range logarithmically with a sweep time of 12 min.
center lines shall be in accordance with MS 33611.
The sweep time is that of an ascending plus a descending
sweep. 7.1.2 Flow Control Device—Flow control devices shall be
installedsothattheyarereadablefromtheEMTseatandsquad
6.6.2 Acceleration—The component shall withstand steady
bench. Flowmeters shall be installed vertically.
state acceleration loads applied along three mutually perpen-
7.1.3 Oxygen Outlet Stations—Oxygen outlet stations shall
dicular axes in two opposite directions along each axis. The
duration of appl
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