ASTM C1300-95(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by the Interferometric Method
Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by the Interferometric Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method defines the thermal expansion of glaze frits by the interferometric method. This determination is critical in avoiding crazing (cracking) of these glass coatings due to mismatching of the thermal expansion between the coating and substrate materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the interferometric determination of linear thermal expansion of premelted glaze frits and fired ceramic whiteware materials at temperatures lower than 1000°C (1830°F).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1300 − 95 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Glaze Frits and Ceramic
1
Whiteware Materials by the Interferometric Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.1.2 Fireclay Crucible, 102 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
4.1.3 Rotating Abrasive Grinding Wheel (a silicon carbide
1.1 This test method covers the interferometric determina-
type is satisfactory).
tion of linear thermal expansion of premelted glaze frits and
fired ceramic whiteware materials at temperatures lower than 4.2 Micrometer Calipers, having a sensitivity such that the
1000°C (1830°F). index can be read to 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Measuring Apparatus, consisting of fused silica inter-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ferometer plates, viewing apparatus, an electric furnace and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
control, potentiometer, pyrometer, and a suitable monochro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
matic light source of known wavelength.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3.1 Furnace—The furnace shall be a vertical electric tube
furnace controlled by rheostat or other means so that the
2. Referenced Documents
heating rate of the furnace can be readily duplicated from room
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: temperature to 1000°C (1830°F). The heating rate shall not
exceed 3°C (5.5°F)/min.
E289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid
Solids with Interferometry 4.3.2 Temperature-Measuring Instrument—A calibrated
platinum versus platinum-rhodium thermocouple (or a
3. Significance and Use
Chromel versus Alumel thermocouple if it is frequently cali-
brated) in conjunction with a potentiometer shall be used. The
3.1 This test method defines the thermal expansion of glaze
potentiometer shall be capable of being read to 2°C (or 4°F)
frits by the interferometric method. This determination is
and shall have automatic compensation for the temperature of
critical in avoiding crazing (cracking) of these glass coatings
the reference junction, or the reference junction shall be held at
due to mismatching of the thermal expansion between the
0°C (32°F) by means of an ice bath.
coating and substrate materials.
4. Apparatus 5. Test Specimens
3
5.1 For frit samples, three test specimens shall be prepared
4.1 Sample Preparation Equipment:
4.1.1 Glazed Porcelain Crucible, No. 0. as follows:
5.1.1 Fill a No. 0 glazed porcelain crucible with frit, place
the filled crucible inside a 102-mm (4-in.) diameter fireclay
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
crucible partly filled with silica, and work the small crucible
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
down into the silica until approximately 75 % of the small
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally crucible is below the level of the silica.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1300 – 95 (2012).
5.1.2 Place the crucible assembly into a furnace that is at a
DOI: 10.1520/C1300-95R16.
temperaturehighenoughtojustmeltthemass.Holdfor15min
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
after the frit has reached the furnace temperature.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.1.3 Remove the crucible, rapidly transfer it to another
the ASTM website.
furnace that is at the frit firing temperature, and cool in the
3
An example of suitable test equipment and an inferometric method may be
furnace at a rate not to exceed 60°C (110°F)/h.
found in the paper by Merritt, G. E., “The Interference Method of Measuring
5.1.4 Break the small crucible open and break up the
Thermal Expansion,” Journal of Research , National Bureau of Standards, Vol 10,
No. 1, January 1933, p. 59 (RP 515).
vitreous mass. Select six fragments from the interior of the
A description of a permissible automatic fringe recording device may be found
mass (to avoid side portions diluted by the ceramic crucible)
in the paper by Saunders, J. B., “An Apparatus for Photographing Interference
1
having minimum conical dimensions of 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) at the
Phenomenon,” Journal of Research, National Bureau of Standards, Vol 35, No. 3,
1
September 1945, p. 157 (RP 1668).
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1300 − 95 (Reapproved 2012) C1300 − 95 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Glaze Frits and Ceramic
1
Whiteware Materials by the Interferometric Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the interferometric determination of linear thermal expansion of premelted glaze frits and fired
ceramic whiteware materials at temperatures lower than 1000°C (1830°F).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with Interferometry
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method defines the thermal expansion of glaze frits by the interferometric method. This determination is critical
in avoiding crazing (cracking) of these glass coatings due to mismatching of the thermal expansion between the coating and
substrate materials.
4. Apparatus
3
4.1 Sample Preparation Equipment:
4.1.1 Glazed Porcelain Crucible, No. 0.
4.1.2 Fireclay Crucible, 102 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
4.1.3 Rotating Abrasive Grinding Wheel (a silicon carbide type is satisfactory).
4.2 Micrometer Calipers, having a sensitivity such that the index can be read to 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.).
4.3 Measuring Apparatus, consisting of fused silica interferometer plates, viewing apparatus, an electric furnace and control,
potentiometer, pyrometer, and a suitable monochromatic light source of known wavelength.
4.3.1 Furnace—The furnace shall be a vertical electric tube furnace controlled by rheostat or other means so that the heating
rate of the furnace can be readily duplicated from room temperature to 1000°C (1830°F). The heating rate shall not exceed 3°C
(5.5°F)/min.
4.3.2 Temperature-Measuring Instrument—A calibrated platinum versus platinum-rhodium thermocouple (or a Chromel versus
Alumel thermocouple if it is frequently calibrated) in conjunction with a potentiometer shall be used. The potentiometer shall be
capable of being read to 2°C (or 4°F) and shall have automatic compensation for the temperature of the reference junction, or the
reference junction shall be held at 0°C (32°F) by means of an ice bath.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.03
on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2016. Published April 2012November 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
C1300–95(2007).C1300 – 95 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/C1300-95R12.10.1520/C1300-95R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
An example of suitable test equipment and an inferometric method may be found in the paper by Merritt, G. E., “The Interference Method of Measuring Thermal
Expansion,” Journal of Research , National Bureau of Standards, Vol 10, No. 1, January 1933, p. 59 (RP 515).
A description of a permissible automatic fringe recording device may be found in the paper by Saunders, J. B., “An Apparatus for Photographing Interference
Phenomenon,” Journal of Research, National Bureau of Standards, Vol 35, No. 3, September 1945, p. 157 (RP 1668).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1300 − 95 (2016)
5. Test Specimens
5.1 For frit samples, three test specimens shall be prepared as follows:
5.1.1 Fill a No. 0 glazed porcelain crucible with frit, place the filled crucible inside a 102-mm (4-in.) diameter fireclay crucible
partly filled with silica, and work the small crucible down into the silica until approximately 75 % of the small crucible is below
the level of the silica.
5.1.2 Pla
...
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