ASTM D1452-80(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures for the use of earth augers in shallow geotechnical exploration. This practice does not apply to sectional continuous flight augers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation:D1452–80(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Practice for
Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 Spiral-Type Auger, consisting of a flat thin metal
strip, machine twisted to a spiral configuration of uniform
1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures for the
pitch; having at one end, a sharpened or hardened point, with
use of earth augers in shallow geotechnical exploration. This
a means of attaching a shaft or extension at the opposite end.
practice does not apply to sectional continuous flight augers.
3.1.1.2 Ship-Type Auger—Similar to a carpenter’s wood bit.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
It is generally forged from steel and machined to the desired
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
size and configuration. It is normally provided with sharpened
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and hardened nibs at the point end and with an integral shaft
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
extending through its length for attachment of a handle or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
extension at the opposite end.
1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
3.1.2 Open Tubular Augers, ranging in size from 1.5
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
through 8 in. (38.1 through 203.2 mm) and having the common
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
characteristic of appearing essentially tubular when viewed
with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
from the digging end.
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
3.1.2.1 Orchard-Barrel Type,consistingessentiallyofatube
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
having cutting lips or nibs hardened and sharpened to penetrate
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
theformationononeendandanadaptorfittingforanextension
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
or handle on the opposite end.
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
3.1.2.2 Open-Spiral Type,consistingofaflatthinmetalstrip
title of this document means only that the document has been
that has been helically wound around a circular mandrel to
approved through the ASTM concensus process.
form a spiral in which the flat faces of the strip are parallel to
2. Significance and Use
the axis of the augered hole. The lower helix edges are
hard-faced to improve wear characteristics.The opposite end is
2.1 Auger borings often provide the simplest method of soil
fitted with an adaptor for extension.
investigation and sampling. They may be used for any purpose
3.1.2.3 Closed-Spiral Type—Nearly identical to the open-
where disturbed samples can be used and are valuable in
spiral type except the pitch of the helically wound spiral is
connection with ground water level determination and indica-
much less than that of the open-spiral type.
tion of changes in strata and advancement of hole for spoon
3.1.3 Post-Hole Augers, generally 2 through 8 in. (50.8
and tube sampling. Equipment required is simple and readily
through 203.2 mm), and having in common a means of
available. Depths of auger investigations are, however, limited
blocking the escape of soil from the auger.
by ground water conditions, soil characteristics, and the
3.1.3.1 Clam-Shell Type, consisting of two halves, hinged to
equipment used.
allow opening and closing for alternately digging and retriev-
3. Apparatus
ing. It is not usable deeper than about 3.5 ft (1.07 m).
3.1.3.2 Iwan Type, consisting of two tubular steel segments,
3.1 Hand-Operated Augers:
connected at the top to a common member to form a nearly
3.1.1 Helical Augers—Small lightweight augers generally
complete tube, but with diametrically opposed openings. It is
available in sizes from 1 through 3 in. (25.4 through 76.2 mm).
connected at the bottom by two radial blades pitched to serve
as cutters which also block the escape of contained soil.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Attachment of handle or extension is at the top connector.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
3.2 Machine-Operated Augers:
Related Field Testing for Soil Investigations.
3.2.1 Helical Augers, generally 8 through 48 in. (203.2
Current edition approved June 12, 1980. Published August 1980. Originally
published as D 1452 – 57 T. Last previous edition D 1452 – 65 (1972). through 1219 mm), consisting essentially of a center shaft
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D1452
fitted with a shank or socket for application of power, and below the gro
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