ASTM D7648/D7648M-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Active Soil Gas Sampling for Direct Push or Manual-Driven Hand-Sampling Equipment
Standard Practice for Active Soil Gas Sampling for Direct Push or Manual-Driven Hand-Sampling Equipment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Soil gas is simply the gas phase (air) that exists in the open spaces between soil particles in the unsaturated portion of the vadose zone. VOCs can potentially migrate through the soil, or ground water, or both, and present an impact to the environment and human health.
Note 1: Not all VOCs in soil gas are due to spills or leaks. Simple VOCs, such as acetone, methanol, and ethanol may also arise from natural biological processes.
5.2 Application of Soil Gas Surveys—Soil gas surveying offers an effective, quick and cost-effective method of detecting volatile contaminants in the vadose zone. Soil gas surveying has been demonstrated to be effective for selection of suitable and representative samples for other more costly and definitive investigative methods. This method is highly useful at the initiation of the preliminary site investigation for determining the existence and extent of volatile or semi volatile organic contamination, and determination of location of highest concentrations, as well as, monitoring the effectiveness of on-going remedial activities (D6196).
5.3 Samples are collected by inserting a sampling device into a borehole with hydraulically-driven direct push drilling or manually-driven driven hand sampling equipment (see Note 2).
Note 2: Soil gas sampling can be performed beneath impervious surfaces, such as concrete slabs or pavement by drilling or boring through the surface.
5.4 Soil gas surveys can be performed over a wide range of spatial designs. Spatial designs include soil gas sampling in profiles or grid patterns at a single depth or multiple depths. Multiple depth sampling is particularly useful for contaminant determinations in cases with complex soil type distribution and multiple sources. Depth profiling can also be useful in the determination of the most appropriate depth(s) at which to monitor soil gas, as well as the demonstration of migration and degradation processes in the vadose zone.
5.5 Soil gas surveys are...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice details the collection of active soil gas samples using a variety of sample collection techniques with tooling associated with direct push drilling (DP) or manual-driven hand-sampling equipment, for the express purpose of conducting soil gas surveys.
1.2 This practice proceeds on the premise that soil gas surveys are primarily used for two (2) purposes: 1) as a preliminary site investigative tool and 2) for the monitoring of ongoing remediation activities (D7663).
1.3 The practicality of field use demands that soil gas surveys are relatively accurate, as well as being simple, quick, and inexpensive. This guide suggests that the objective of soil gas surveys is linked to three factors:
1.3.1 VOC detection and quantitation, including determination of depth of VOC contamination.
1.3.2 Sample retrieval ease and time.
1.3.3 Cost.
1.4 This practice may increase the awareness of a fundamental difference between soil gas sampling for the purpose of soil gas surveys versus sub-slab or vapor intrusion investigations or both. Specifically, the purpose of a soil gas survey is to provide quick and inexpensive data to the investigator that will allow the investigator to 1) develop a site investigation plan that is strategic in its efforts, 2) determine success or progress of on-going remedial activities, or 3) select the most suitable subsequent investigation equipment, or combinations thereof. On the other hand, the objective of soil gas sampling for sub-slab and vapor intrusion investigations is not preliminary, but rather the end result of the site investigation or long-term precise monitoring. As such, stringent sampling methods and protocol are necessary for precise samples and data collection.
1.5 Details included in this practice include a broad spectrum of practices and applications of soil gas surveys, including:
1.5.1 Sample recovery and handling,
1.5.2 Sample analysis,
1.5.3 D...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7648/D7648M − 18
Standard Practice for
Active Soil Gas Sampling for Direct Push or Manual-Driven
1
Hand-Sampling Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7648/D7648M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5.1 Sample recovery and handling,
1.5.2 Sample analysis,
1.1 This practice details the collection of active soil gas
1.5.3 Data interpretation, and
samples using a variety of sample collection techniques with
1.5.4 Data reporting.
tooling associated with direct push drilling (DP) or manual-
driven hand-sampling equipment, for the express purpose of 1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or Inch-
conducting soil gas surveys. pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
1.2 This practice proceeds on the premise that soil gas
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
surveys are primarily used for two (2) purposes: 1)asa
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
preliminary site investigative tool and 2) for the monitoring of
result in non-conformance with the standard.
ongoing remediation activities (D7663).
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
1.3 The practicality of field use demands that soil gas
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
surveys are relatively accurate, as well as being simple, quick,
Practice D6026.
and inexpensive. This guide suggests that the objective of soil
1.7.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
gas surveys is linked to three factors:
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
1.3.1 VOC detection and quantitation, including determina-
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
tion of depth of VOC contamination.
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
1.3.2 Sample retrieval ease and time.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
1.3.3 Cost.
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
1.4 This practice may increase the awareness of a funda-
ation for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
mental difference between soil gas sampling for the purpose of
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
soil gas surveys versus sub-slab or vapor intrusion investiga-
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
tions or both. Specifically, the purpose of a soil gas survey is to
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
provide quick and inexpensive data to the investigator that will
methods for engineering data.
allow the investigator to 1) develop a site investigation plan
1.8 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
that is strategic in its efforts, 2) determine success or progress
one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace
of on-going remedial activities, or 3) select the most suitable
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
subsequent investigation equipment, or combinations thereof.
professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
On the other hand, the objective of soil gas sampling for
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
sub-slab and vapor intrusion investigations is not preliminary,
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
but rather the end result of the site investigation or long-term
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
precise monitoring. As such, stringent sampling methods and
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
protocol are necessary for precise samples and data collection.
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
1.5 Details included in this practice include a broad spec-
title of this document means only that the document has been
trum of practices and applications of soil gas surveys, includ-
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
ing:
1.9 This practice is not to be used for long term monitoring
of contaminated sites or for site closure confirmation.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
1.10 This practice is not to be used for passive determina-
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
Vadose Zone Investigations.
tion of flow patterns at contaminated sites.
Current edition approved D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7648 − 12 D7648/D7648M − 18
Standard Practice for
Active Soil Gas Sampling for Direct Push or Manual-Driven
1
Hand-Sampling Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7648;D7648/D7648M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice details the collection of active soil gas samples using a variety of sample collection techniques with tooling
associated with direct push drilling technology (DPT) (DP) or manual-driven hand-sampling equipment, for the express purpose
of conducting soil gas surveys.
1.2 This practice proceeds on the premise that soil gas surveys are primarily used for two (2) purposes,purposes: 1)1) as a
preliminary site investigative tool and 2)2) for the monitoring of ongoing remediation activities.activities (D7663).
1.3 The practicality of field use demands that soil gas surveys are relatively accurate, as well as being simple, quick, and
inexpensive. This guide suggests that the objective of soil gas surveys is linked to three factors:
1.3.1 VOC detection and quantitation, including determination of depth of VOC contamination.
1.3.2 Sample retrieval ease and time.
1.3.3 Cost.
1.4 This practice will likely may increase the awareness of a fundamental difference between soil gas sampling for the purpose
of soil gas surveys versus sub-slab or vapor intrusion investigations or both. Specifically, the purpose of a soil gas survey is to
provide quick and inexpensive data to the investigator that will allow the investigator to 1) develop a site investigation plan that
is strategic in its efforts, 2) determine success or progress of on-going remedial activities, or 3) select the most suitable subsequent
investigation equipment, or combinations thereof. On the other hand, the objective of soil gas sampling for sub-slab and vapor
intrusion investigations (1,2,3, etc.) is not preliminary, but rather the end result of the site investigation or long-term precise
monitoring. As such, stringent sampling methods and protocol are necessary for precise samples and data collection.
1.5 Details included in this practice include a broad spectrum of practices and applications of soil gas surveys, including:
1.5.1 Sample recovery and handling,
1.5.2 Sample analysis,
1.5.3 Data interpretation, and
1.5.4 Data reporting.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or Inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.7.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consideration for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1.8 This practice suggestsoffers a variety of approaches useful to conducting successful soil gas surveys but set of instructions
for performing one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace education or experience and should be used in
conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2018. Published April 2012December 2018. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D7648 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D7648-12.10.1520/D7648_D7648M-18.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM I
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.