ASTM F2273-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Bicycle Forks
Standard Test Methods for Bicycle Forks
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These tests are used to determine the conformance of a bicycle fork sample to a standard specified for each use classification.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe mechanical tests for determining the following performance properties:
1.1.1 Compression Load,
1.1.2 Bending Load,
1.1.3 Impact Resistance, and
1.1.4 Bending Fatigue Life (followed by Impact Resistance).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2273 − 11 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Bicycle Forks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the fork upper tube(s) or fork blades. Some suspension forks
have an upper and a lower crown, while other forks have only
1.1 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter-
one.
mining the following performance properties:
1.1.1 Compression Load, 3.1.4 dropout—theforkcomponentusedtosupportthefront
wheel(s) at the axle(s).
1.1.2 Bending Load,
1.1.3 Impact Resistance, and
3.1.5 dropout centerline—the front hub mounting axis that
1.1.4 Bending Fatigue Life (followed by Impact Resis-
passes through both right and left dropouts.
tance).
3.1.6 tire clearance—the distance between the top surface
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
of the tire and the bottom surface of the fork crown with no
standard.
compressive force applied to the fork.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.7 crown-to-axle clearance—the distance between the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fork axle centerline and the bottom surface of the crown with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
no compressive load applied to the fork.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.8 head set—thebearingcup,cones,andothersupporting
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
componentsforallowingrotationoftheforkaboutthesteering
axis.
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.1.9 limit trip or stop—a deflection of the fork, which
2.1 ASTM Standards:
exceeds the allowable displacement values and causes the
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
machine to stop running.
F2043Classification for Bicycle Usage
3.1.10 suspension fork—front fork incorporating compli-
3. Terminology
ance in the axial direction, parallel to the steer tube.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.11 rigid fork—front fork that is not designed to be
3.1.1 bicycle fork (fork)—the mechanism between the head compliant in the axial direction.
tube and the front axle, including the steerer tube, crown(s),
shock absorbers, lower tubes, and upper tubes.
4. Summary of Test Methods
3.1.2 steer tube—the structural fork component typically
4.1 Compression Load Test—In this test the fork is com-
housed inside the bicycle head tube, connected to the fork
pressed in a direction parallel to the steerer tube. The distance
crown.Thesteerertubetransmitssteeringinputsfromtherider
from the bottom surface of the crown to the axle centerline is
totheforkandconnectstheforktothebicycleframebymeans
measured.
of headset bearings.
4.2 Bending Load Test—In this test the fork is restrained by
3.1.3 fork crown(s), or crown(s)—the primary structural
thesteerertubeandaloadisappliedinadirectionperpendicu-
fork component responsible for connecting the steerer tube to
lar to the steerer tube axis, at the midpoint of the dropout
centerline.Thedeflectionismeasuredatthedropoutcenterline
in a direction perpendicular to the steerer tube axis.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of
4.3 Impact Resistance Test—In this test a fork is fixtured
Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.
with the steerer tube oriented horizontally, and supported by
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
bearings.Aweight is dropped from a prescribed height onto a
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2273–03. DOI:
10.1520/F2273-11.
fixture attached to the fork dropouts in line with the dropout
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
centerline. Permanent deflection is measured at the dropout
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
centerline in a direction perpendicular to the steerer tube axis.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. The ability of the connection between the steerer tube and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2273 − 11
crown to support torque applied about the axis of the steerer 6. Apparatus
tube is also evaluated.
6.1 Compression Load Test:
4.4 Fatigue Plus Impact Test—Inthistestaforkisrestrained 6.1.1 A fixture similar to Fig. 1 is required.
by the steere
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F2273–03 Designation:F2273–11
Standard Test Methods for
1
Bicycle Forks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods describe mechanical tests for determining the following performance properties:
1.1.1 Compression Load,
1.1.2 Bending Load,
1.1.3 Impact Resistance, and
1.1.4Fatigue Life.
1.1.4 Bending Fatigue Life (followed by Impact Resistance).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
F2043 Classification for Bicycle Usage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 bicycle fork (fork)—the mechanism between the head tube and the front axle, including the steerer tube, crown, triple
clamps,crown(s), shock absorbers, lower tubes, and upper tubes.
3.1.2 steerer tubesteer tube—the structural fork component typically housed inside the bicycle head tube, connected to the fork
crown. The steerer tube transmits steering inputs from the rider to the fork and connects the fork to the bicycle frame by means
of headset bearings.
3.1.3 fork crown (crown)—the primary structural fork component responsible for connecting the steerer tube to the fork upper
tube(s) or fork blades. fork crown(s), or crown(s)—the primary structural fork component responsible for connecting the steerer
tubetotheforkuppertube(s)orforkblades.Somesuspensionforkshaveanupperandalowercrown,whileotherforkshaveonly
one.
3.1.4 lower triple clamp—See fork crown. The lower crown of a two-crown suspension fork.
3.1.5upper triple clamp—the secondary structural fork component responsible for connecting the steerer tube to the upper
tube(s).
3.1.6dropout—the fork component used to support the front wheel(s) at the axle(s).
3.1.7
3.1.5 dropout centerline—the front hub mounting axis that passes through both right and left dropouts.
3.1.8
3.1.6 tire clearance—the distance between the top surface of the tire and the bottom surface of the fork crown with no
compressive force applied to the fork.
3.1.9
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 on
Bicycles.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published July 2003. DOI: 10.1520/F2273-03.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2273–03. DOI:
10.1520/F2273-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2273–11
3.1.7 crown-to-axle clearance—the distance between the fork axle centerline and the bottom surface of the crown with no
compressive load applied to the fork.
3.1.10
3.1.8 head set—the bearing cup, cones, and other supporting components for allowing rotation of the fork about the steering
axis.
3.1.11
3.1.9 limit trip or stop—a deflection of the fork, which exceeds the allowable displacement values and causes the machine to
stop running.
3.1.10 suspension fork—front fork incorporating compliance in the axial direction, parallel to the steer tube.
3.1.11 rigid fork—front fork that is not designed to be compliant in the axial direction.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Compression Load Test—This test method compresses the fork. The distance from the bottom surface of the crown to the
axle centerline is measured. —In this test the fork is compressed in a direction parallel to the steerer tube. The distance from the
bottom surface of the crown to the axle centerline is measured.
4.2 Bending Load Test—Thistestme
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.